新中国70年西北地区扶贫开发模式的演进与创新——基于LDA主题模型的分析  

Evolution and Innovation of Poverty Alleviation Modes in Northwest China over the Past 70 Years:Analysis Based on LDA Theme Model

作　　者：斯丽娟[1,2] 尹苗 SI Li-juan;YIN Miao(School of Economics,Lanzhou University;Institute of County Economic Development,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学经济学院 [2]兰州大学县域经济发展研究院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第6期94-105,共12页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2019jbkyxs011)。

摘　　要：回顾新中国70年扶贫历程和西北地区扶贫实践发现,西北扶贫经历了从救济式扶贫到片区开发与精准扶贫协同推进的政策演进。基于LDA主题模型的视角,收集西北地区1986—2019年地方政府出台的扶贫政策,实证分析政策文本的主题强度、热门主题和主题变化趋势,验证了西北地区扶贫开发从区域开发式、综合开发式到开发与保障并重式的模式创新。扶贫资金、项目带动扶贫开发是西北地区扶贫政策的持续性热门主题;以贫困县为重点的开发式扶贫阶段政策主题较为单一;以贫困村为重点的开发式扶贫阶段政策主题呈现出多元化的趋势,注重西北地区的综合建设和贫困人口的自我发展能力;片区开发与精准扶贫协同推进阶段政策主题开始注重农村低保、残疾人救助、医疗等社会保障方面。未来西北地区扶贫开发需依托市场和社会力量,发挥保障性扶贫政策效果,推进开发与保障并重的扶贫开发模式,来培育贫困人口的内生动力并实现可持续性脱贫。Reviewing the 70-year history of poverty alleviation in PR China and the practices of poverty alleviation in Northwest China,it can be found that policy in this region has evolved from relief-oriented poverty alleviation to coordinated promotion of regional development and targeted poverty alleviation.Based on LDA theme model,this research collects poverty alleviation policies issued by local governments in Northwest China from 1986 to 2019 and conducts empirical analyses on intensity,hot issues and variation tendencies of themes in policy texts.It verifies the model innovation of poverty alleviation development from regional development mode,comprehensive development mode to the mode stressing development and subsidy.The findings show that funds and project-driven development are persistent hot issues in this region.At development-oriented stage,policy themes focusing on poverty-stricken counties were relatively unitary,while the themes focusing on poverty-stricken villages presented diversified tendencies and stressed regional comprehensive construction and self-development capacity of the poverty stricken population.At the stage of coordinated promotion of regional development and targeted poverty alleviation,the policies focused on social security aspects such as rural minimum living insurance,disabled assistance,medical care,etc.The research proposes that future poverty alleviation in Northwest China needs to rely on market and social forces to achieve effectiveness of subsidized poverty alleviation policies,to promote the mode combining development and subsidy,and to achieve sustainable poverty alleviation by cultivating the endogenous motivation of the poverty-stricken population.

关 键 词：扶贫开发模式 保障性扶贫 西北地区 新中国70年 LDA 

分 类 号：F061.5[经济管理—政治经济学]