争夺城市空间:“正式权力正式行使”的制度分析--“城中村”改造中村集体与地方政府博弈的民族志观察  

Scrambling for Urban Space: Institutional Analysis of “Formal Exercise of Formal Power” Based on An Ethnographic Observation of Redevelopment of “Urban Villages”

作　　者：李怀[1] LI Huai(College of Social Development and Public Administration,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学社会发展与公共管理学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第1期10-22,共13页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(15ZDA046)。

摘　　要：城市空间的迅速扩张,让地处大城市边缘的传统村落被卷入城市后变成了"问题化"的"城中村"现象。从个案"城中村"改造更新的观察中发现,在处于强势位置的地方政府和弱势位置的村集体组织之间形成了一个争夺城市空间"正式权力正式行使"的场域,导致地方政府主导推进的"城中村"改造更新过程举步维艰。追求市场理性是村集体"正式权力正式行使"的经济动力,"法人共同体"是村集体"正式权力正式行使"的组织基础,地方政府的"公共物品"供给短缺是村集体"正式权力正式行使"的正当性,村民与地方政府之间的矛盾是村集体"正式权力正式行使"的有利机会结构,"红头文件"是村集体"正式权力正式行使"的合法契约。概言之,村集体组织是一个理性的"法人共同体",村集体与地方政府之间的权力关系从不平等的"单向依附型"变成了"双向交换型",地方政府直接用体制内的行政命令方式动员体制外基层社会组织来实现改造更新"城中村"的目标趋于"难产"。于是,尽管"正式权力正式行使"成为城市化过程中,村集体组织与地方政府诉求利益目标进行讨价还价的合法性策略,但村集体组织并不是真正意义上的村民利益代言人,而是一个有着自己独立利益目标的理性行动者,这才是"城中村"改造更新项目趋于"难产"的根本原因。The rapid expansion of urban space renders traditional villages on the edge of big cities problematic"urban villages". By observing their redevelopment, this paper finds that a field of"formal exercise of formal power"in scrambling for urban space is formed between local government at an advantage and rural collective organization at a disadvantage, which leads to the dilemma of local government in the redevelopment of urban villages. For"formal exercises of formal power"of rural collective organization, pursuit of market rationality is its economic drive;"corporate body"is its institutional foundation;local government’s shortage of"public goods"is its justification;the contradiction between villagers and local government is its favorable opportunity;and"red heading documents"is its legal contract. In a word, rural collective organization is a rational"corporate body", so that local government cannot redevelop"urban villages"by directly issuing administrative orders within the system to mobilize grassroots social organizations outside the system.Although"formal exercise of formal power"has become a licit strategy for rural collective organization to negotiate interests with local government, rural collective organization is not a true spokesman of villagers’ interests, but a rational agent with its own interests, which is the root cause of the dilemma of the urban village redevelopment.

关 键 词：城中村改造 地方政府 村集体组织 正式权力 正式行使 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]