日本电力工业发展中政府的作用——电力统制体制前史研究  

The Role of the Government in the Development of the Japanese Electric Power Industry--Research on the Prehistory of the Power Rule System

作　　者：马轶民 Ma Yimin

机构地区：[1]名古屋大学

出　　处：《日本研究》2020年第1期75-87,共13页Japan Studies

摘　　要：电力事业在近代日本社会的推进及其所带来的电力使用普及,被视为日本近代史上的第一次能源革命。与同时期展开的产业革命一样,电力事业是在中央政府指导和监督下推进的,同时受到国家战略政策的影响和限制。国家对电力事业的参与乃至介入,不仅出现在“战时统制经济”时期,而是贯穿于整个电力事业发展的始终。通过对电力开发和电力市场形成过程的考察,可以看出在20世纪30年代以前日本电力事业发展的“自由竞争时代”,中央政府虽未对民营电力和电力消费展开全面管制,但由于“强兵政策”与对外扩张政策的实施,仍然对电力事业的展开方式、电力消费市场的形成和走向起到了决定性作用。与此同时,在“电力统制”的构想下,政府不断强化电力行政,这也为此后战时“总体战体制”下的电力统制奠定了基础。The promotion of electricity industry and the popularization of electric power are regarded as the first energy revolution in the modern history of Japan. Like the industrial revolution launched in the same period in Japan, it was also promoted under the guidance and supervision of central government and influenced by national strategic policies. The state’s participation in electricity industry not only appeared in the period of the war-time controlled economy after the 1930 s, but also ran through the whole period of electricity industry development. By examining the process of power development and the formation of the power market, it can be seen that before the 1930 s, the "free competition era" in the development of Japan’s power industry, although the central government did not comprehensively regulate private power and power consumption, The implementation of the "military policy" and foreign expansion policy still played a decisive role in the development of the power industry and the formation and trend of the power consumption market. At the same time, under the concept of " electricity power regulation ", the government continued to strengthen power administration, which also laid the foundation for power control under the "general warfare system" during the war.

关 键 词：国家主导型 电力统制化 电力消费市场 电力改革 军需用电 

分 类 号：K313.4[历史地理—历史学] F119[历史地理—世界史]