从专门到专业:全国人大专门委员会立法职能的理论阐释  

From Specialization to Professionalization: a TheoreticalExplanation of Legislative Functions of the NationalPeople's Congress Special Committees

作　　者：王起超 Wang Qichao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中国法学会立法学研究会

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2020年第2期14-31,共18页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"社会主义核心价值观融入立法过程研究"(18VHJ008)的研究成果。

摘　　要：法学界对全国人大专门委员会立法职能的研究相对欠缺。伴随着共和国立法实践,全国人大专门委员会的立法职能经历了四个阶段,从无到有、从简单到立体,并逐渐从机构的“专门性”走向职能的“专业化”。立法职能走向专业化有其必然性,既在宏观层面上作为社会发展的必然要求,又在中观层面上成为立法任务转变的体现,同时顺应了微观层面上立法“精细化”的发展趋势。全国人大专门委员会立法职能专业化的过程蕴含着深刻的法理基础:首先,立法专业化展开的理论前提是人们能够运用法社会学中定性的方法对专业性进行评价;其次,立法专业化要求法律职业者的专业化,此时立法者在某种程度上可被作为“准法律职业者”;最后,立法专业化有其边界,建构理性的立法运用并非不受限制。就立法实践而言,在职能上,作为立法专业化典型体现的立法审议应当走向“实质审议”,而在制度上,专业的人员配置是立法专业化的支撑,机构的独立设置则是立法专业化的空间保障。The research on the legislative functions of the National People's Congress Special Comittees is relatively limited.With the legislative practice of the PRC,legislative functions of the Special Committees have experienced four stages,from simple to diverse and also gradually developed from specialization of institutions to professionalization of functions.The professionalization of legislative functions is inevitable.It was not only the inevitable requirement of social development at the macro level,but also the embodiment of legislative task transformation at the meso level.Besides,it conformed to the trend of"refinement"of legislation at the micro level.The process of professionalization of legislative functions has profound legal basis.First,the theoretical premise is the use of qualitative research method of Law and Sociology to evaluate the process;Second,the process requires the legal professionals to be more professional.To some extent,the legislators could be regarded as the "Quasi Legal Professionals".Third,the professionalization has its boundary and the thought of constructive reasoning in legislation is limited,When it comes to legislative practice,legislative deliberation,a typical symbol of professionalzation,should move towards"substantive deliberation"in terms of function.While in terms of institutional settings,professional staffing supports professionalization,and the independent institutions guarantee the space of professionalization.

关 键 词：专门委员会 立法职能专业化 科学立法 立法审议 

分 类 号：D622[政治法律—政治学]