中美关系解冻的秘密渠道:缘起、作用和特点  

The Backchannels of Sino-US Rapprochement:the Reason,Effects and Characteristics

作　　者：朱陆民 翦丹 ZHU Lu-min;JIAN Dan(School of Philosophy and History Culture,Xiangtan University;School of Marxism,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,Hunan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学碧泉书院·哲学与历史文化学院 [2]湘潭大学马克思主义学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第2期122-125,共4页Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“美国重返东南亚的同盟战略研究”(14FGJ005);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目“美国的印太联盟战略研究”(18A046)。

摘　　要：中美关系并非简单的非敌即友或敌友共存,它肇始于20世纪60年代末冷战格局的大动荡。中美关系缓和与尼克松访华,是在美苏两大阵营大重组的过渡时期出现的重要事件。对美国而言,实现中美关系缓和,与扭转美苏争霸中的颓势和维持自身在国际格局中的战略优势相契合。对中国而言,改善与美国的关系,符合其外交回归理性务实和整顿国内政治乱局的需求。因此,中美首先通过巴基斯坦和罗马尼亚等中间国传信,实现初步试探和两国互动,完成了基辛格秘密访华;其次通过巴黎渠道和纽约渠道的高层面对面会晤,基本构建互信和初步合作,最终推动了尼克松成功访华。虽然中美之间的多条秘密渠道各有特点,但是在它们的共同推动下,中美关系实现解冻并走向正常化。The relationship between China and America is not simply friend or foe. It began with the great upheavals of the cold war landscape in the late 1960 s. The detente of Sino-US relations and Nixon’s visit to China were important events in the transition period when the two camps of America and the Soviet Union were regrouping. For America,the detente between Sino-US is consistent with reversing the decline of America and the Soviet Union in their struggle for hegemony and maintaining their strategic advantages in the international landscape. But for China,to improve relations with America is in accordance with its diplomatic rational and pragmatic regression,and rectifies the demand of the domestic political turmoil. Therefore,China and America sent messages through Pakistan and Romania at first time,and realized preliminary test and interaction between the two countries,and finally kissinger paid a secret visit to China. Secondly,high-level face-to-face meetings through Paris backchannel and New York backchannel basically built mutual trust and preliminary cooperation,which ultimately promoted Nixon’s successful visit to China. Although the various secret channels between China and America have their own characteristics,they jointly promote the thawing and normalization of Sino-US relations.

关 键 词：中美缓和 秘密渠道 缘起 作用 特点 

分 类 号：D232[政治法律—政治学]