中国传统法本体研究  

On the Ontology of Chinese Traditional Law

作　　者：张中秋[1] Zhang Zhongqiu

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2020年第1期96-117,共22页Law and Social Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国传统法哲学研究”(15AFX005);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国传统法理及其当代价值”(16JJD820021)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国传统法本体是指中国传统法存在的根本、根据或者说理据。中国传统法本体的内涵直接来说是情理/德礼/仁义,终极来说是天理/天道/自然和道德,这表明中国传统法本体是一个动态的理据链。中国传统法本体内涵的核心是动态的合理正义观,动态的合理正义观的原则是:等者同等、不等者不等、等与不等辩证变动的有机统一,其背后是天、地、人、法一体的道德原理,亦即万物有机的生命世界观,所以,道德是贯通天、地、人、法的根本。研究中国传统法本体的意义在于发现和揭示它对法的回答,中国传统法本体对法的回答是:法是正义,即动态的合理正义;法因为是正义,所以法是法,法的现实形态是依义或合理或合道德,亦即具有正当性或正义的秩序和规范体系,表现为礼法;法成为法的途径是道生法以及教化、行政与司法的并行。这个回答表明,中国传统法是符合人类法哲学本体论标准的法,它既有自己的个性,又有人类法的共性。这意味着,中国传统法虽然在西方法的冲击下解体了,但它不是人类法的另类,而是人类法的正常组成部分,中国传统法就像中国人一样,它/他/她是中国特性和人类共性的统一。这不仅使我们看到了对中国传统法本体进行探讨的意义,更启发我们对中国传统法应保有真切的理解和信心。The ontology of Chinese traditional law refers to the fundamental, foundation or justification existing in Chinese traditional law. The connotation of the ontology of Chinese traditional law lies in human relationship and reason(qíng’lǐ), virtue and etiquette(dé’lǐ), or benevolence and righteousness(rén’yì) in its direct sense, in heavenly principles, heavenly Tao, or nature and morality in its ultimate sense, which demonstrates that the ontology of Chinese traditional law is a dynamic chain of justification. The core of the connotation of the ontology of Chinese traditional law is a dynamic notion of reasonable justice. The principle of the dynamic notion of reasonable justice is the organic combination of the following three aspects: those with the same heavenly principles are equal, those with the different heavenly principles are unequal, and the equal and the unequal are dialectically changeable. The moral principle behind resides in the integration of Heaven, Earth, Man and Law, which is also understood as the life world view that all beings are organic, and, So, the moral is the fundamental in the integration of Heaven, Earth, Man and Law. The significance of the research upon the ontology of law is to discover and clarify its answer to law. The ontology of Chinese traditional law answers those questions as follows: law is justice, namely, dynamic reasonable justice;because law is justice, the law is law;the real representation of law is based upon righteousness or reasonableness or morality, and we can also understand that it is justification or it is a justified order and normative system, expressed as Law(lǐ’f );the way that the law becomes law is"Tao creating law"and the parallel operation of indoctrination, administration and justice. The above answer demonstrates that the Chinese traditional law is consistent with the ontological standard of human legal philosophy. The Chinese traditional law not only possesses its own individuality, but also enjoys the common character of human law. I

关 键 词：中国传统法 法本体 内涵 结构 核心 原理 对法的回答 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]