DIP-STR在不平衡混合DNA样本中的分析研究  

The application of DIP-STR in the analysis of unbalanced DNA mixtures

作　　者：杨青[1,3] 高春芳 陈静[2] 陈建刚[2] 凃政 王冲[2] 胡兰[2] Yang Qing;Gao Chunfang;Chen Jing;Chen Jiangang;Tu Zheng;Wang Chong;Hu Lan(People's Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China;Institute of Forensic Science,Key Laboratoty of Forensic Biological Evidence,Beijing 100038,China;Institute of Forensic Science,Ningxia Public Security Department,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学,北京100038 [2]公安部物证鉴定中心法医遗传学公安部重点实验室,北京100038 [3]宁夏回族自治区公安厅物证鉴定中心,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《中国法医学杂志》2020年第1期64-68,共5页Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019JB017)。

摘　　要：当前,DNA检验技术作为打击犯罪的利器,在法医鉴定中发挥着巨大作用。但对于性侵、暴力犯罪等案件中提取的混合DNA样本,尤其是从受害人或嫌疑人的接触物上采集的高度不平衡混合DNA样本,利用常染色体STR检验方法得到的结果通常不是很理想。由于PCR扩增偏倚,从混合样本中检测出痕量DNA分型是一个巨大的挑战,也是当前法医DNA检验的一个难点。近年来的研究显示,利用新型连锁遗传标记DIP-STR,即结合缺失或插入多态性片段DIP(deletion–insertion polymorphisms)和STR的连锁位点,可以用来检测出混合DNA样本中任一性别和细胞起源的微量DNA,甚至在DNA混合比例高达1:1000时,DIP-STR标记的灵敏度、特异性仍旧相对较为理想。因此,DIP-STR标记的分析可以作为常染色体STR检验的有效补充。本文将对DIP-STR在不平衡混合DNA样本分析中的研究背景、方法及其应用前景进行综述。At present,forensic DNA typing plays an important role in forensic science as an effective approach against crime.However,for the mixed DNA samples extracted from sexual assaults and violent crimes,especially the highly unbalanced mixed DNA samples collected from the victims or suspects’contacts,the results obtained by using autosomal STR processing are usually not very satisfactory.Because of PCR amplification bias,It is a tremendous challenge to detect trace DNA typing from mixed samples and a difficulty to forensic science.In recent years,a novel molecular marker,named DIP–STR that relies on pairing deletion–insertion polymorphisms(DIP)with STR,allows for the unambiguous genotyping of a minor component in the presence of a major component,the sensitivity and specificity of DIP-STR markers were still relatively ideal even when the DNA mixture ratio was as high as 1:1000.Therefore,DIP–STR analysis can be used for an effective supplement of autosomal STR.This review focus on the research background and the application of DIP-STR in the analysis of unbalanced genomic mixtures.

关 键 词：法医物证学 DIP-STR 混合DNA样本 特异性引物 

分 类 号：DF795.1[医药卫生—法医学]