农村宅基地退出的农户理性与政府理性--基于广西农业转移人口宅基地退出意愿的调查与思考  

“Farmer Rationality” and “Governmental Rationality” for Rural Homestead Quitting: Survey and Thinking Based on the Desire for Homestead Quitting of Rural Transfer Population in Guangxi

作　　者：韦彩玲[1] 蓝飞行 宫常欢 WEI Cai-ling;LAN Fei-xing;GONG Chang-huan(School of Public Administration,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学公共管理学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《西部论坛》2020年第2期66-72,共7页West Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(17XZZ002);广西高校中青年教师基础能力提升项目(KY2016YB002)。

摘　　要：作为处于一定社会经济形态中的经济主体,农户和政府的行为选择是其价值理性和工具理性综合权衡的结果。基于在广西农村的抽样调查分析发现:"安土重迁""落叶归根"等传统观念以及"祖宅意识"降低了部分农业转移人口(尤其是老年人)的宅基地退出意愿,在城市生产生活的稳定性和保障性较弱的农业转移人口宅基地退出意愿较低,还有的农业转移人口由于不确定远期利益得失而不愿意退出宅基地。对此,地方政府一方面应坚持"以人民为中心""发展壮大集体经济"的价值理性,在"自愿有偿"的原则下积极推进农村宅基地制度改革,并通过有效利用集体土地彰显宅基地退出带来的个人利益、集体利益和社会利益,引导农户合理退出宅基地;另一方面要坚持"量力而行""因时因地制宜""多举并行"的工具理性,不但要在补偿标准上尽量满足农户的现实需求,更要以持续提升农业转移人口的市民化能力和程度以及农户退出宅基地后的生产生活质量为重心,有序推进农村宅基地退出工作。As an economic main body in a certain social state,the behavior selection of farmers and governments is the result of comprehensive consideration of price rationality and tool rationality. The analysis based on the sampling survey in Guangxi rural area finds that the traditional ideas such as "some farmers hating to leave one’s native land","resetting and returning to the roots"and so on decrease the quitting desire of the homestead of some agricultural transfer populations( especially old people), that the quitting desire of the homestead for the agricultural transfer populations who have weaker stability and security of production and living in the cities is lower,and that some agricultural transfer populations are unwilling to quit their homestead because they can not ensure their long-term benefit. As a result,in the one hand,local governments should uphold the value orientation of "people-centered"and "development and enlargement of collective economy",actively boost the institutional reform of rural homestead under the principle of "volunteer and paid",and guide the farmers to reasonably quit their homestead by effectively using collective land to demonstrate individual interests,collective interests and social interests. In another hand,local governments should stick to the tool rationality of "acting based on governmental capacity","acting based on proper time and reality" and "acting by many ways" and orderly promote the quitting work of rural homestead by not only using compensation standard to try to satisfy the real needs of the farmers but also continuing to raise their quality of production and living after the farmers quit the homestead.

关 键 词：宅基地退出 农业转移人口 价值理性 工具理性 宅基地退出补偿 农民市民化 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济] F291.1