知识产权确认不侵权之诉受理条件实证研究  

An Empirical Study of Conditions for Accepting IP-Related Non-Infringement Action

作　　者：占善刚[1,2] 张一诺 Zhan Shangang;Zhang Yinuo

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法所 [2]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2020年第3期27-46,共20页Intellectual Property

基　　金：2017年国家社会科学基金一般项目“审判程序违法的类型化处理研究”(17BFX053);国家2011计划司法文明协同创新中心研究成果。

摘　　要：实证研究表明,司法实践中知识产权确认不侵权之诉的受理存在"受理条件规定并未被完全采纳、侵权警告形式及认定标准多样化、催告行使诉权要件适用差异化、当事人适格的影响因素复杂化"的困境。确认利益诉讼要件地位模糊、对确认利益缺乏具体化运用、法律缺位导致司法解释越位、司法解释规定较为简单粗略是造成前述困境的成因。解决前述困境,应当以确认利益理论为支撑。明确确认利益是诉讼要件而非起诉要件、以纠纷解决手段妥当性视角筛选侵权警告形式、以纠纷解决成熟性视角修正书面催告程序、以被告选择妥当性视角明确适格的当事人,最终实现对此种诉讼受理条件的重构。Empirical study on IP-related non-infringement action shows that judicial practices are being confronted with many difficulties concerning case acceptance.The difficulties include stipulations on case acceptance conditions are not fully adopted in judicial practice,the forms of infringement warnings and relevant judging standards are diverse,discrepancy exists in the judicial application of the requirements for written notice demanding execution of actio,and the complexity in factors impacting the qualification of litigants.The reasons cause the above difficulties include the legal status of the requirements of action for confirming benefits is ambiguous,the specific operation of benefits confirmation is insufficient,judicial explanation overtops law due to law vacancy,and the stipulations of judicial explanation are rough and sketchy.To address the aforementioned difficulties,it is suggested to invoke the theory of benefits,known as feststellungsinteresse in German law.The paper proposes to make it clear that benefits confirmation is the requirement for litigation rather than filing a case,to select the form of infringement warning with an aim to properly settle the disputes,to revise the procedure of using written notice to demand litigation with an aim to deftly settle the dispute,and to define qualified parties by choosing valid defendant,so as to reconstruct the conditions for accepting and hearing cases of IP-related noninfringement action.

关 键 词：知识产权确认不侵权之诉 受理条件 确认利益 侵权警告 

分 类 号：D923.4[政治法律—民商法学]