安徽省2014-2018年农村学校饮用水与厕所卫生状况  

Drinking water and toilet sanitation of rural schools in Anhui during 2014-2018

作　　者：马李[1] 郑莉[2] 王志强[2] 黄发源[3] 曹明华[1] MA Li;ZHENG Li;WANG Zhiqiang;HUANG Fayuan;CAO Minghua(Anhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei,230601,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]安徽省疾病预防控制中心综合业务办,合肥230601 [2]安徽省疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科 [3]安徽省疾病预防控制中心行政办公室

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第1期110-112,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解安徽省农村学校饮用水与厕所卫生状况,为完善安徽省农村学校环境卫生工作提供依据。方法2014-2018年连续对安徽省24个县(区)的农村地区,每个县(区)选择5个乡镇,每个乡镇选择初中、小学各1所,通过查阅资料、现场查看及访谈进行监测。结果2014-2018年,学校供水方式均以村镇水厂供水为主,所占比例分别为58.16%,58.95%,65.07%,62.78%,67.69%,自备供水的学校供水处理方式以未处理为主。2014-2018年具有卫生厕所的学校占比分别为66.39%,74.88%,76.26%,82.30%,94.20%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=57.77,P<0.01)。教学楼内有厕所的学校比例均低于30%,女厕蹲位比合格的学校比例最高为2017年(62.78%);无水龙头与无肥皂配备的学校比例逐年下降(χ^2值分别为57.14,25.68,P值均<0.01),2018年均最低,分别为4.02%和56.70%。结论近年来安徽省农村学校饮用水卫生状况得到明显改善,但厕所及周边环境设施建设仍需加强,女厕蹲位数量及教学楼内和宿舍内厕所数量相对不足。在增加厕所建造规模的同时还应加强厕所管理质量,并重视师生的相关健康教育工作。Objective To understand current status of drinking water and toilet sanitation in rural schools of Anhui Province,and to provide basic knowledge for environmental sanitation improvement among rural schools in Anhui.Methods One primary school and one secondary school from each of the 5 villages from 24 counties in Anhui were selected during 2014-2018.Data was collected through information review,on-site inspections and interviews.Results School water supply methods were mainly based on local water supply from villages and towns,the rate was 58.16%,58.95%,65.07%,62.78%,67.69%from 2014 to2018,respectively.Self-supplied water in some schools was initially untreated.The proportion of schools with sanitary toilets was66.39%,74.88%,76.26%,82.30%,94.20%during 2014 to 2018,respectively.The proportion of schools with toilets in the teaching building is lower than 30%.Proportions of schools with squatting toilets for girls was highest in 2017(62.78%).The number of schools with no water faucets and no soap decreased by year,the lowest of 4.02%and 56.70%in 2018.Conclusion During the past five years,improvement has been observed in drinking water supply in rural schools in Anhui Province,however,the construction of toilets and surrounding environmental facilities still needs to be strengthened.The number of female toilet squats and the number of toilets in the teaching building and in the dormitory are relatively insufficient.While increasing the scale of toilet construction,it is also necessary to strengthen the quality of toilet management,and should pay attention to the relevant health education to teachers and students.

关 键 词：饮水 卫生用具和设备 组织和管理 卫生保健提供 农村卫生 学生保健服务 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学] G478[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]