有机无机肥配施对冬水田水稻产量和耕层土壤性质的影响  

Impacts of Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Yield of Rice and Soil Properties in the Waterlogged Paddy Field

作　　者：陈琨[1] 喻华[1] 上官宇先[1] 周子军 曾祥忠[1] 郭松[1] 秦鱼生[1] CHEN Kun;YU Hua;SHANGGUAN Yuxiang;ZHOU Zijun;ZENG Xiangzhong;GUO Song;QIN Yusheng(Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Monitoring&Experimental Station of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment for Sloping Land in South Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/农业农村部南方坡耕地植物营养与农业环境科学观测实验站,成都610066

出　　处：《中国稻米》2020年第2期32-35,40,共5页China Rice

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503118-11);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300907);四川省重点研发项目(2018NZ0047)。

摘　　要：在农业生产要求全面减施化肥农药的大背景下,综合评价四川冬水稻田区有机无机配施对水稻产量和土壤肥力的效应具有一定意义。本试验在冬水稻田区,比较了在等氮量替代条件下,无N(CK)、单施化肥N、P、K(T1)、30%有机肥N+70%化肥N(T2)、50%有机肥N+50%化肥N(T3)、100%有机肥N(T4)等处理的水稻产量、氮肥利用和土壤肥力变化情况。结果表明,有机无机肥配施处理的水稻产量较CK增加17.29%~31.43%,T2处理最高,且明显提高了氮肥利用率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力;有机无机肥配施具有提升土壤有机质、培肥地力的作用。可见,冬水稻田区适宜的有机肥替代方案为30%有机N+70%化肥N,既可稳定水稻产量、降低成本,又可提高氮素利用率和降低对农田环境的不良影响。Background on fertilizer reduction, it is significant to comprehensive evaluate the effects of organic-inorganic fertilizer application on yield of rice and soil properties in the waterlogged paddy field. The changes of rice yield, nitrogen utilization and soil fertility of five different treatments(CK, no N;T1, apply N, P and K chemical fertilizers alone;T2, 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizers;T3, 50% organic manure and 50% chemical fertilizers;T4, 100% organic manure) were compared under the same nitrogen content substitution. The results showed that the yield of rice of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers treatments increased by 17.29%~31.43% compared with CK. Among them, T2 treatment had the highest yield, and significantly improved nitrogen recovery efficiency(NRE), nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE) and nitrogen partial factor productivity(PFPN). Organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers could inprove the organic matter and the fertility of fertilizers. The appropriate fertilization method in waterlogged paddy field is 30% organic manure +70% chemical fertilizers, which can stabilize rice yield and reduce cost, and can improve nitrogen recovery efficiency and reduce the adverse effect on the farmland environment.

关 键 词：水稻 有机无机肥配施 产量 土壤性状 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]