派系分合与民初司法界的改造  

Factional Disputes and Judicial Reform in the Early Republic of China

作　　者：韩策[1] Han Ce

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《历史研究》2020年第1期135-154,M0006,M0007,共22页Historical Research

摘　　要：民初司法界的部院之争不仅因政权更迭之初,法律制度不备、权限不清,而且有其明显的派系根源,带有党派和南北之争的色彩。章宗祥、江庸均是清末沈家本修订法律馆系统之嫡传,在与许世英、徐谦(“部派”)的博弈中最终胜出。随后章、江携手排斥“部派”所用南方党人,重整部院力量,透过人事布局和制度建设交互配合,整顿司法乱象,使司法人事至少在四五年里保持基本稳定和连续。这与司法总长频繁更迭的表象颇有不同。同时,章、江推行法官回避、司法甄拔与考试、司法讲习所、法官任用及奖惩、司法收入特别会计等制度,并极力抵制军政势力干涉司法,终使司法事业颇有基础。章宗祥、江庸从人事和制度两方面对民初司法界的改造,构成彼时司法发展的一大转折,是理解北洋前期司法制度与人事变迁的一条主线。Disputes between the Ministry of Justice(Si Fa Bu)and the Supreme Court(Dali Yuan)in the early Republic of China are not only attributable to an inadequate legal system and unclear division of authority during regime change,but also have clear factional origins involving confl ict between political parties and northern and southern regions of the country.Zhang Zongxiang and Jiang Yong belonged to the system of the Bureau for Revision and Compilation of Laws represented by Shen Jiaben in the late Qing Dynasty.They eventually emerged victorious in their struggle against Xu Shiying and Xu Qian,who represented the factional side.They later collaborated to repel members of the Southern Revolutionary Party recruited by the factional side and reorganized human resources in the judicial system.They also rectifi ed the chaotic situation in the judicial system and enabled judicial personnel to maintain a basic level of stability and continuity for at least four to fi ve years.This was quite different from the apparently frequent changes in the position of the attorney-general.At the same time,they also implemented a series of systems regarding judicial recusal,qualifi cation tests,training institutions,appointments,rewards,punishments,and special accounting of judicial revenue.Their efforts to prevent military and political power from interfering with the judicial system eventually laid a solid ground for its development.Their judicial reforms concerning human resources and the institutional system marked a major transition in the judicial development at that time and constituted a central theme for understanding the judicial system and personnel changes during the early years of the Beiyang government。

关 键 词：北洋政府 司法 梁启超 章宗祥 江庸 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]