东北典型县域稻田土壤肥力评价及其空间变异  

Evaluation and spatial variability of paddy soil fertility in typical county of northeast China

作　　者：王远鹏 黄晶[2,3] 柳开楼 韩天富[2] 都江雪[2] 马星竹 郝小雨[5] 周宝库[5] 刘彩文[6] 蒋先军[1] 张会民[2,3] WANG Yuan-peng;HUANG Jing;LIU Kai-lou;HAN Tian-fu;DU Jiang-xue;MA Xing-zhu;HAO Xiao-yu;ZHOU Bao-ku;LIU Cai-wen;JIANG Xian-jun;ZHANG Hui-min(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land,Beijing 100081,China;National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-ecology System,Qiyang,Hunan 426182,China;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/National Engineeringand Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation in Jiangxi,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330046,China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition in Heilongjiang Province,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150086,China;Technology Promotion Center of Agriculture in Fangzheng County,Heilongjiang Province,Fangzheng,Heilongjiang 150800,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081 [3]祁阳农田生态系统国家野外试验站,湖南祁阳426182 [4]江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/农业农村部江西耕地保育科学观测实验站,江西南昌330046 [5]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所/黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [6]黑龙江省方正县农业技术推广中心,黑龙江方正150800

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2020年第2期256-266,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFD0300901);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(161032019035,161032019020)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确东北典型县域稻田土壤肥力空间变异特征,为该区域稻田土壤合理培肥管理提供科学依据。【方法】以黑龙江省方正县为研究区域,2017年在该研究区域采取114个代表性点位的稻田土壤,选取容重、pH、全氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量、有机质含量和阳离子交换量作为土壤综合肥力评价指标,采用相关系数法确定各个指标的权重,根据东北稻田土壤特征,选择隶属度函数曲线,并确定隶属度函数转折点,依据模糊数学法的加乘原理,利用各土壤肥力指标的权重值和隶属度值计算土壤综合肥力指数;采用GIS和地统计学相结合的方法,确定各项肥力指标和综合肥力指数的空间变异特征和分布格局;通过主成分分析探究土壤肥力差异的主控因子。【结果】描述性统计分析表明,方正县稻田土壤综合肥力指数在0.18~0.99,平均值为0.60。土壤容重和pH的变异系数分别为9.15%和5.69%,属于弱变异强度,其他肥力指标的变异系数在20.01%~36.18%,属于中等变异强度。地统计学研究表明,土壤容重、全氮含量、有机质含量和阳离子交换量的块金系数在39%~50%,它们具有中等强度的空间自相关性,土壤pH、有效磷含量、速效钾含量和综合肥力指数的块金系数均在25%以下,它们具有强烈的空间自相关性。方正县土壤综合肥力指数值在0.70以上的稻田占16%,在0.60~0.70的稻田占45%。各个肥力指标中,土壤有效磷含量和速效钾含量的分布特征与综合肥力指数相似,呈南高北低的分布格局;土壤pH和阳离子交换量由稻区中部向南北方向逐渐降低;土壤容重由西北向东南呈逐渐降低的趋势;土壤有机质和全氮含量均表现为由东南向西北逐渐降低的趋势,土壤有机质含量在30 g/kg以上的稻田占比为97%,土壤全氮含量在1.5 g/kg以上的稻田占比为84%;其中北部蚂蚁河沿岸土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质【Objectives】The paper studied the spatial variability of paddy soil fertility in typical county of northeast China,aiming to provide a scientific basis for rational fertilization management of paddy soil in this region.【Methods】The study was conducted in Fangzheng County of Heilongjiang Province,where total of 114 representative paddy soil samples were taken in 2017.Soil bulk density,pH,total N content,available P content,available K content,organic matter content and CEC were selected as factors of soil fertility evaluation.The correlation coefficient method was used to determine the weight of each factor.According to the characteristics of the paddy soil in northeast China,appropriate membership function curves and turning points were selected to determine membership values.According to the multiplication principle of fuzzy mathematics,the soil integrated fertility index was calculated by weight values and membership values.The spatial variability and distribution pattern of fertility factors and integrated fertility index were determined by the combination of GIS and geostatistics.Principal component analysis was used to explore the contribution factors of soil fertility difference.【Results】The integrated fertility index of paddy fields in Fangzheng County was between 0.18 and0.99,with an average of 0.60.The coefficient of variation(CV)of soil bulk density and pH were 9.15%and5.69%,respectively,which belonged to weak variation intensity.The CV of other fertility factors ranged from20.01%to 36.18%,belonging to moderate variation intensity.The nugget coefficients of soil bulk density,total N content,organic matter content and CEC were between 39%and 50%,which belonged to moderate spatial autocorrelation.The nugget coefficients of soil pH,available P content,available K content and integrated fertility index were below 25%,belonging to strong spatial autocorrelation.There was 16%of paddy fields with soil integrated fertility index value above 0.70,and 45%ranging from 0.60 to 0.70.The soil integrated f

关 键 词：方正县 稻田土壤 肥力评价 地统计学 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]