生草改善果园土壤肥力和苹果树体营养的效果  

Effects of orchard grass on soil fertility and apple tree nutrition

作　　者：杨露 毛云飞[1] 胡艳丽[1] 王芸芸 张璐璐 尹伊君 庞会灵 宿夏菲 刘业萍 沈向[1] YANG Lu;MAO Yun-fei;HU Yan-li;WANG Yun-yun;ZHANG Lu-lu;YIN Yi-jun;PANG Hui-ling;SU Xia-fei;LIU Ye-ping;SHEN Xiang(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2020年第2期325-337,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：农业部948项目(2014-Z38);山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队资助项目(SDAIT-06-07);山东省重点研发计划(2018GNC113019)。

摘　　要：【目的】果园生草在促进树体生长发育、改善土壤理化环境和土壤肥力等方面起着重要作用,本研究旨在解决我国果园普遍存在的立地条件差和土壤改良困难、有机质含量少且缺乏补充途径等问题,为果业可持续发展提供重要的技术支撑。【方法】以美国引进的格兰马草(Bouteloua gracilis)、粗燕麦草(Sporobolus asper)、小须芒草(Schizachyrium scoparium)、宠禾草(Eragrostis trichodes)、弯叶画眉草(Eragrostis curvula)、柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum)和加拿大滨麦(Elymus canadensis)为试验材料,以清耕和白三叶草(Trifolium pratense)为对照,于2017年春季在山东省泰安市马庄镇实验基地一年生苹果幼树行间进行生草试验,研究不同生草处理在连续两年内对果树生长发育和果园土壤环境的影响。【结果】1)8种处理草的生物学性状各不相同,其中弯叶画眉草的高度和叶片宽度、密度、盖度、地上和地下生物量表现最佳。2)7个生草处理对改善土壤环境都具有显著效果,6、7月份,弯叶画眉草处理的土壤温度下降幅度最大,生草一年较清耕分别下降了23.62%和27.45%;6、7、8月份,小须芒草处理两年的土壤pH最低,较同月清耕处理分别降低了6.83%、7.07%、7.19%;弯叶画眉草处理两年的土壤孔隙度增幅最大,较清耕处理分别增加了6.76%、8.35%、9.09%;3)果园生草提高了土壤中微生物的数量,且随着生草时间的延长提高效果越明显。生草两年的弯叶画眉草处理土壤中的真菌和放线菌数量最多;生草两年的粗燕麦草处理土壤中的细菌数量最多;宠禾草处理两年的细菌OTU数量最大,为5323个,比清耕处理高7.93%。4)不同生草处理均显著改善了果园的土壤养分。弯叶画眉草处理的土壤有机质含量最高,且生草两年比生草当年的有机质含量提高了23.53%;不同生草处理后土壤中的有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌的含量较清耕处理均有显著�【Objectives】To explore the important role of orchard grass in promoting tree growth and development,improving soil physical and chemical environment and soil fertility,in order to solve the common problems of poor site conditions,difficult soil improvement,low organic matter content and lack of supplementary ways in orchards in China,and provide important supporting technology for sustainable development of fruit industry.【Methods】Taking seven grass species introduced from the United States,including sideoats grama(Bouteloua gracilis),rough dropseed(Sporobolus asper),little bluestem(Sporobolus asper),sand lovegrass(Eragrostis trichodes),weeping lovegrass(Eragrostis trichodes),switchgrass(Panicum virgatum),Canada wildrye(Elymus canadensis)as experimental materials,and clear tillage and white clover(Trifolium pretense)as control,the experiment of growing grass among young trees of annual apple in Mazhuang experimental base of Tai’an City in spring of 2017 was carried out to explore the effects of different grass treatments on the growth and development of fruit trees and soil environment of orchards in two consecutive years.【Results】1)The biological characters of the 8 materials were different,among which the leaf width and plant height,density,coverage,aboveground and underground biomass of weeping lovegrass were the best.2)The seven grass treatments have significant effects on improving the soil environment.From June to July,the soil temperature treated by growing weeping lovegrass decreased the most and the decrease of grass treatment was23.62%and 27.45%respectively compared with that of clean tillage.From June to August,the pH value of the soil treated by growing little bluestem for two years was the lowest,which was 6.83%,7.07%,and 7.19%lower than that of the same month.The soil porosity treated by growing weeping lovegrass increased by 6.76%,8.35%and 9.09%respectively compared with that of clean tillage.3)The soil microbial quantity in soil was increased by grass growing in orchard,and the effec

关 键 词：果园生草 草种 土壤环境 土壤养分 叶片养分 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S158[农业科学—园艺学]