马尾松林分不同改造模式林下植被和凋落物的差异性  

Difference of Understory Vegetation and Litter after Stand Improvement of Pinus massoniana

作　　者：许建伟 Xu Jianwei(The Workstation of State-owend Tree Farm of Sanming City Fujian Province,Sanming 365000,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]福建省三明市国有林场工作站,三明365000

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2020年第3期23-28,共6页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：福建省林业厅林业科研项目(闽林科(2010)4号)、闽林科(2014)6号;三明市林业科学研究项目((2015)41号)。

摘　　要：通过分析马尾松林疏伐套种闽楠(Phoebe bournei)、细柄阿丁枫(Altingia gracilipes)和木荷(Schima superba)后的差异,了解马尾松林分改造后林下植被和凋落物的形成与发育规律。结果表明:林分改造20 a后,林下植被种类由多到少的排序是套种细柄阿丁枫林分(PA)、套种木荷林分(PS)、套种闽楠林分(PP)、对照林分(CK);林下植被生物量的高低正好相反对应于林下植被种类的多少,由大到小的排序为CK、PP、PS、PA。林分改造20 a后,4种模式的凋落物产量1年中出现两个峰值,分别是春季3月份(PA和PS)、4月份(PP和CK)和冬季12月份(PA、PS、PP和CK),并且冬季12月份凋落物产量最大;全年凋落物产量由多到少的排序是PA、PS、PP、CK(P<0.05)。凋落物按叶、枝、花果、其他分类,主要成分叶分别占74.81%±0.42%(CK)、79.25%±0.14%(PP)、82.47%±0.10%(PA)、81.20%±0.18%(PS)。1 a针叶分解速率最快的是PA(36.46%±1.33%),1 a阔叶分解速率最快的也是PA(48.66%±1.28%),因此,其对应的凋落物1 a剩余量最少,为(61.28±1.01)g;1 a针叶分解速率最慢的是PP(32.84%±1.02%),1 a阔叶分解速率最慢的也是PP(28.52%±1.46%),但其凋落物1 a剩余量为(70.54±1.48)g,略低于CK(70.66±1.15)g,差异不显著。凋落物2 a剩余量最多的是PP,为(47.86±1.33)g;最少的是PA,为(37.31±1.03)g。综上所述,本试验中细柄阿丁枫无论是在生物多样性方面还是在凋落物产量和分解贡献方面都优于木荷和闽楠。The experiment was conducted to study the formation and development regularity of understory vegetation and litter after stand improvement of Pinus massoniana,by analyzing the difference after thinning and interplanting Phoebe bournei,Altingia gracilipes and Schima superba in P.massoniana.The species of understory vegetation from more to less was interplanting A.gracilipes(PA),interplanting S.superba(PS),interplanting P.bournei(PP),control stand(CK)after 20-a stand improvement.The biomass of understory vegetation in descending order was CK,PP,PS,and PA.However,its change was contrary to that of the species of understory vegetation.After 20-a stand improvement,there were two peaks of litter mass in a year,which were in March(PA,PS)and April(PP,CK),and December(PA,PS,PP and CK).Also,the largest litter mass appeared in December.The annual litter mass in descending order was PA,PS,PP,and CK(P<0.05).The litter was divided into four parts:leaves,branches,flowers and fruits.Among them,leaves was the main component,accounting for 74.81%±0.42%in CK,79.25%±0.14%in PP,82.47%±0.10%in PA,and 81.20%±0.18%in PS.The fastest decomposition rate of needles in one year occurred in PA,which was 36.46%±1.33%.In broad-leaved trees,the leaves decomposition of A.gracilipes was the fastest in one year,which was 48.66%±1.28%.Therefore,litter residue mass of PA was the least after 1 year,which was 61.28±1.01 g.The slowest decomposition rate of needles in one year occurred in PP,which was 32.84%±1.02%.In broad-leaved trees,the leaves decomposition of P.bournei was the slowest in one year,which was 28.52%±1.46%.However,its litter residue mass was(70.54±1.48)g after 1 year,slightly lower than that of CK 70.66±1.15 g(P>0.05).The litter residue mass was the highest after 2 years in PP,which was(47.86±1.33)g,and the lowest in PA,which was(37.31±1.03)g.Therefore,A.gracilipes was superior to S.superba and P.bournei in biodiversity,litter yield and decomposition contribution.

关 键 词：马尾松 林分改造 林下植被 凋落物 

分 类 号：S753.51[农业科学—森林经理学]