猪舍生态环境监测和清洁控制系统的设计  

Design of control system for pig farm cleaning and ecological environment monitoring

作　　者：王斌[1] 刘雪梅[1] 张国强[1] 王卫军 Wang Bin;Liu Xuemei;Zhang Guoqiang;Wang Weijun(Northwestern Polytechnical University Ming De College,Xi’an 710124,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学明德学院,西安710124

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第3期55-62,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：2018年陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(18JK1167);陕西省教育厅2017年专项科学研究项目(17JK1140)。

摘　　要：针对中小型养殖场的实际需求,该文以可编程控制器(programmable logic controller,PLC)为核心控制器,设计了一套生态环境监测和清洁自动控制系统,主要研究了对猪舍内温湿度、氨气浓度等生态环境参数的检测和调控方法。为实现对温度的精确测量,设计了简单的电阻—电压转换电路,并对温敏电阻采用分段线性化措施,使测温精度达到±0.2℃。为实现猪舍内多个区域的环境参数的合理检测,采用了多传感器自适应加权平均融合算法,并给出了该算法的PLC程序设计方法。试验数据表明:采用数据融合算法时,在20℃左右时,猪仔生活区温度测量值的总方差最小值为0.0125,而采用算术平均值时方差为0.8562;在氨气浓度为15 mg/m3左右时,采用数据融合算法时整个猪舍氨气浓度测量值的方差最小值为0.0406,而采用算术平均值时方差为0.9548。这表明采用数据融合算法后,各区域参数测量值的方差远小于采用算术平均时的方差。试验过程中该系统运行可靠,达到了设计目的。该系统结构简单,易安装、调试和维护,成本低,能极大降低工人劳动强度,节省人力,能减少环境污染,特别适合于中小型养殖企业,具有较高的应用价值。According to the actual needs of small and medium-sized farms,an automatic control system for eco-environmental monitoring and cleaning was designed with PLC(programmable logic controller)as the core controller.The system was composed of subsystems such as sunshade,fan unit,spray system,manure scraper,and flushing control system.According to the detected value of ecological environment parameters such as temperature,humidity,the ammonia concentration in the pigsty,PLC and human-machine interface controlled the subsystems to achieve the regulation of the environmental parameters for improving the survival rate of piglets and reducing the incidence of pigs,resulted in realize the automatic breeding of pigs.According to the different temperature requirements of pigs in different growth stages,temperature-sensitive resistors were used to measure and control the temperature in different areas of the pigsty.Because the resistances of the temperature-sensitive resistor and the changes of the temperature were non-linear to achieve accurate temperature measurement,a simple resistance-voltage conversion circuit was designed and the measured value of the temperature-sensitive resistor was piecewise linearized in the PLC program design.The test results showed that the processing method made the temperature measurement accuracy reach±0.2℃,which fully met the requirements of the control system.Because the PLC analog input module used in this system had only 4 input channels and the temperature and humidity analog signals had 16 channels.In order to reduce the production cost of this system,a 16-channel analog time-shared data acquisition circuit was designed in this study.This circuit was mainly composed of two CD4052.The two output switch signals of the PLC were converted into TTL(transistor-transistor logic)signals as the strobe address signals.Because the output signal of the ammonia concentration sensor used the MODBUS-RTU communication mode,this article gave a program design method to achieve this communication in Delt

关 键 词：控制系统 设计 监测 温湿度 氨气浓度 数据融合 

分 类 号：TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]