色林错-普若岗日国家公园潜在建设区生态环境脆弱性格局评估  

Assessment of eco-environment vulnerability in the proposed construction area of the Selincuo-Puruogangri National Park

作　　者：刘晓娜 刘春兰[1] 张丛林 陈龙[1] 黄宝荣 LIU Xiao-na;LIU Chun-lan;ZHANG Cong-lin;CHEN Long;HUANG Bao-rong(Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environment Protection,National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center,Beijing 100037,China;Institute of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护科学研究院,国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037 [2]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第3期944-955,共12页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0401);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA20020303)资助。

摘　　要：西藏色林错及周边区域是高原高寒草原生态系统中珍稀濒危生物物种最多的地区,也是高品质自然景观和文化遗产集中分布区,建立色林错-普若岗日国家公园(以下简称"色-普国家公园")首要考虑当地脆弱的生态环境问题。本研究遵循"因素识别-指标构建-单因子评估-综合评估"的基本思路,识别色-普国家公园潜在建设区的生态环境脆弱性因素,开展冻融侵蚀、水土流失、土地沙化、土壤风蚀、生境环境敏感性单因子评估,结合海拔、坡度、重要生态系统等限定因子,实现对国家公园潜在建设区生态环境脆弱性综合评估,以期为未来国家公园空间范围的确定、功能分区以及适度开展生态旅游等空间布局提供基础支撑。研究表明:(1)潜在建设区存在较严重的冻融侵蚀、水土流失、草地退化、生物多样性减少等生态环境问题。(2)单因子评估显示,潜在建设区主要属于生态环境的中度和高度敏感区、水土流失的中度敏感区、冻融侵蚀的轻度和中度敏感区,土壤风蚀的不敏感和轻度敏感区、土壤沙化的不敏感区。(3)综合评估显示,潜在建设区生态环境脆弱性高,高度脆弱区面积比例达57.60%,主要分布在色林错的西部和北部;低度脆弱区仅占7.38%,主要分布在色林错东部;尼玛县低度脆弱区分布面积最小,安多县分布最多;双湖县高度脆弱区面积分布最广。(4)建议未来国家公园建设把以生态旅游为主的人类活动范围集中在低度脆弱区,并重点加强对高度脆弱区的生态系统完整性与原真性保护。The proposed construction area of the Selincuo-Puruogangri National Park(Se-Pu National Park)is endowed with the most abundant rare and endangered species in the alpine grassland ecosystem,and is the centralized distribution area of lots of high-quality natural landscapes and cultural heritages.The local fragile eco-environment is the primary issue that should be considered during the establishment of the Selincuo-Puruogangri National Park.Based on the research scheme of"factor identification,index construction,single factor assessment,integrated assessment",we evaluated single-factor sensitivity of freeze-thaw erosion,soil erosion,land desertification,soil wind erosion,and habitat environment respectively,after identifying ecoenvironment vulnerability factors.Combined with the limiting factors of elevation,slope andimportant ecosystems,comprehensive assessments of the eco-environment vulnerability of the study area were conducted to provide scientific basis for the delineation of spatial extent,the function division of national park,and moderate development of eco-tourism.The results showed that:(1)There are serious eco-environmental problems,including freeze-thaw erosion,soil erosion,grassland degradation and biodiversity loss in this area.(2)From the perspective of different single factor sensitivity,the area mainly had moderate and high sensitivity of habitat environment,moderate sensitivity of soil erosion,mild and moderate sensitivity of freeze-thaw erosion,insensitivity and mild sensitivity of soil wind erosion.(3)The comprehensive assessment showed that the eco-environment of the study area is highly fragile,with a proportion of 57.60%of highly vulnerable areas,mainly distributed in the west and north parts.The lowly vulnerable areas account for 7.38%of the total area,mainly distributed in the eastern region.Nima County has the smallest distribution area of low vulnerability,while Anduo County has the most.The area with high vulnerability is widely distributed in Shuanghu County.(4)It is suggested that th

关 键 词：生态环境脆弱性 敏感性评估 限制因子 生态敏感性-生态恢复力-生态压力度模型 色林错-普若岗日国家公园 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X826