后置介词结构语序演变的类型学观照  

A typological perspective of word-order changes of postpositional structures in Chinese

作　　者：贾君芳 何洪峰[2] JIA Junfang;HE Hongfeng(School of Literature,Hanjiang Normal University,Shiyan 442000,China;School of Literature,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]汉江师范学院文学院,湖北十堰442000 [2]华中科技大学文学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中南大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第2期200-208,共9页Journal of Central South University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学项目“语法化视野下的介词更新研究”(11BYY0075);湖北省教育厅人文社会科学项目“类型学视野下汉语后置介词结构研究”(16G113)。

摘　　要：介词结构的语序是判断语序类型的重要参数。SOV型语言的介词结构一般前置(PPV),SVO型语言的介词结构一般后置(VPP)。汉语后置的介词结构语序发生历史性的移位,在不同历史阶段,介词结构的语序表现出不同的类型学特征。汉语的基本语序以SVO为主,兼具SOV型语言的某些特点,介词结构前置属于SVO型语言的例外特征。汉语后置的介词结构语序演变的内在动因主要是介词更新、句法结构的复杂化以及时间顺序象似性。The word-order of adpositional structure is an important parameter of estimating the word-order type of a language.Prepositional structures more often precede the verb in SOV languages,while they are usually placed after the verb in SVO languages.The word-order of Chinese postpositional structures have experienced a historical change by showing different word-order typological features in different historical stages.“SVO”is the dominant word-order in Chinese,which perfectly explained why most Chinese prepositional structures are used after the verb,however,the existence of prepositional structures before the verb implies that there are still some“SOV”-oriented features in Chinese.There are three intrinsic motivations for word-order changes:the replacement of prepositions,the complexity of syntactic structures and the constraint of the temporal sequence principle.

关 键 词：后置介词结构 语序演变 语序类型学 时间顺序原则 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]