介入式微型轴流血泵溶血机理及影响因素分析  

Mechanism of hemolysis in an interventional micro-axial flow blood pump and analysis of its influencing factors

作　　者：唐洁 程云章[1] 郑淇文 张文静 TANG Jie;CHENG Yunzhang;ZHENG Qiwen;ZHANG Wenjing(School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;ForQaly Medical(Shanghai)Company Limited,Shanghai 201138,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学医疗器械与食品学院,上海200093 [2]丰凯医疗器械(上海)有限公司,上海201138

出　　处：《中国医学物理学杂志》2020年第3期368-373,共6页Chinese Journal of Medical Physics

基　　金：上海工程技术研究中心资助项目(18DZ2250900)。

摘　　要：溶血性能是判别血泵是否可靠的重要评价因素之一,也是血泵研发过程中的一大难题。本文基于介入式微型轴流血泵的结构特点对其溶血发生机理和关键影响因素进行探究和综述。首先,介绍介入式微型轴流血泵的结构特点:体积小、转速高、叶轮轮缘与泵壳间隙小。然后从剪力溶血和空化溶血两个方面对溶血发生机理进行阐述。最后重点分析导致介入式微型轴流血泵机械溶血的主要力学因素,即剪力和负压。泵内剪力过大或作用时间过长会导致红细胞受损而发生溶血,而负压可能引起血泵空化从而对血液造成损伤。总之,血泵结构设计不当会导致血液在机械运动和湍流运动过程中受到高剪切应力和局部负压的作用产生溶血,所以在设计阶段应全面考虑各因素对血泵溶血的影响。Hemolytic property is one of the important evaluation factors to determine whether the blood pump is reliable, and it is also a major challenge in the development of blood pumps. Based on the structural characteristics of an interventional microaxial blood flow pump, the mechanism of hemolysis and major influencing factors of the micro-axial blood flow pump are summarized. Firstly, the structural characteristics of the interventional micro-axial flow blood pump are introduced, such as small volume, high rotation speed, and small clearance between the impeller rim and the pump casing, and then the mechanism of hemolysis is discussed from two aspects of shear-induced hemolysis and cavitation-induced hemolysis. Finally, the main mechanical factors, namely shear force and negative pressure, which lead to mechanical hemolysis of the interventional micro-axial flow blood pump, are analyzed. Excessive shear force in the pump or excessively long action time may cause erythrocyte to be damaged and lead to hemolysis, while negative pressure may lead to blood pump cavitation and cause damages to the blood. In conclusion,improper structure design of the blood pump results in hemolysis due to the high shear stress and local negative pressure during mechanical movement and turbulent motion. Therefore, the effects of various factors on the hemolysis in blood pump should be fully considered in the design stage.

关 键 词：轴流血泵 溶血 剪力 负压 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程] TH312[医药卫生—基础医学]