2种杀螨剂与有机硅混配对土耳其斯坦叶螨的毒力及对胡瓜钝绥螨的安全性评价  

Toxicity of two Acaricides Mixed with Organosilicon to T.turkestani and the Safety Evaluation of A.cucumeris

作　　者：郑鑫 宁忠雄 范继文 路伟[1] ZHENG Xin;NING Zhongxiong;FAN Jiwen;LU Wei(Cotton Engineering Research Center,Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy of Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院/棉花教育部工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第4期642-649,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“新疆南部棉区棉花化肥农药减施增效技术集成与示范”(2017YFD0201903)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究阿维菌素、哒螨灵以及2种杀螨剂与有机硅混配后对胡瓜钝绥螨的安全性。【方法】胡瓜钝绥螨A.cucumeris是一种优良天敌,其属于植绥螨科(Phytoseiid)、钝绥螨属(Amblyseius)。采用叶碟法,用阿维菌素、哒螨灵、阿维菌素+有机硅、哒螨灵+有机硅处理胡瓜钝绥螨,分别测定其室内毒力。【结果】24 h阿维菌素和哒螨灵测得胡瓜钝绥螨的LC 50分别为31.96、39.43 mg/L,安全系数分别为0.6658,安全性一般;0.1972,安全性低;毒性选择指数分别是12.1521、10.2950,均为中度正向选择性;阿维菌素+有机硅测得LC 50为18.82 mg/L,该药剂对胡瓜钝绥螨的安全系数由0.6658下降至0.5601,毒性选择指数由12.1521上升至22.1412。哒螨灵+有机硅测得LC 50为40.15 mg/L,该药剂对胡瓜钝绥螨的安全系数由0.1972上升至0.2868,毒性选择指数由10.2950下降至8.5244。48 h阿维菌素和哒螨灵测得胡瓜钝绥螨的LC 50分别为16.47、17.45 mg/L,安全系数分别为0.3431,安全性低;0.0858,安全性低;毒性选择指数分别是10.1043、中度正向选择性;7.9680,正向选择性;阿维菌素+有机硅测得LC 50为9.08 mg/L,该药剂对胡瓜钝绥螨的安全系数由0.3431下降至0.2702,毒性选择指数由10.1043上升至11.9474;有机硅的使用提高了阿维菌素对土耳其斯坦叶螨的触杀作用,但对胡瓜钝绥螨的毒性较低。哒螨灵+有机硅测得LC 50为16.54 mg/L,该药剂对胡瓜钝绥螨的安全系数由0.0858上升至0.1181,毒性选择指数由7.9680下降至7.4505;有机硅的使用并没有提高哒螨灵对土耳其斯坦叶螨的触杀作用,反而提高了对胡瓜钝绥螨的毒力。【结论】在使用杀螨剂对土耳其斯坦叶螨进行防治的过程中,阿维菌素或阿维菌素+有机硅对胡瓜钝绥螨更为安全。【Objective】In this paper,the safety of abamectin,pyridaben and the mixture of two acaricidal agents with organosilicon were determined.【Methods】A.cucumeris is an excellent natural enemies,which belongs phytoseiid mites(Phytoseiid),Amblyseius genus(Amblyseius).The method of the leaf-disc method was used to measure the toxicity of abamectin,pyridaben and the mixture of two acaricidal agents with organosilicon to A.cucumeris.【Results】In 24 hours,the LC 50 of abamectin and pyridaben were 31.96 mg/L and 39.43 mg/L,respectively,with a safety coefficient of 0.665,8,which was general;0.197,2,which was low;the toxicity selection index was 12.152,1 and 10.295,0,which were moderate positive.The LC 50 of avermectin+organosilicon was 18.82 mg/L,the safety coefficient of avermectin+organosilicon decreased from 0.665,8 to 0.560,1,and the toxicity selection index increased from 12.152,1 to 22.141,2.The LC 50 of pyridaben+organosilicon was 40.15 mg/L,the safety coefficient of pyridaben+organosilicon decreased from 0.197,2 to 0.286,8,and the toxicity selection index decreased from 10.295,0 to 8.524,4.In 48 hours,the LC 50 of abamectin and pyridaben were 16.47 mg/L and 17.45 mg/L,respectively,with a safety coefficient of 0.343,1,which was low;0.085,8,which was low;the toxicity selection index was 10.104,3,moderate positive selectivity,7.968,0,positive selectivity.The LC 50 of avermectin+organosilicon was 9.08 mg/L,the safety coefficient of avermectin+organosilicon decreased from 0.343,1 to 0.270,2,and the toxicity selection index increased from 10.104,3 to 11.947,4;indicating that the use of organosilicon significantly increased the contact effect of avermectin on T.turkestani,but the toxicity to the A.cucumeris was lower.The LC 50 of pyridaben+organosilicon was 16.54 mg/L,the safety coefficient of pyridaben+organosilicon increased from 0.085,8 to 0.118,1,and the toxicity selection index decreased from 7.968,0 to 7.450,5;indicating that the use of organosilicon did not improve the contact effect of pyridaben on T.turkes

关 键 词：胡瓜钝绥螨 阿维菌素 哒螨灵 有机硅 安全系数 毒性选择指数 

分 类 号：S481.9[农业科学—农药学]