不同基肥水平对棉苗生长和棉花产量的影响  

Effects of Different Basal Fertilizer Levels on Cotton Seedling Growth and Cotton Yield

作　　者：吴琼[1] 刘保军 李慧 赵志强[1] 李进[2] 郭庆元[1] WU Qiong;LIU Baojun;LI Hui;ZHAO Zhiqiang;LI Jing;GUO Qingyuan(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Research lnstitute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology,Xinjing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi Xinjiang 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第4期740-745,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“新疆南部棉区棉花化肥农药减施增效技术集成与示范”(2017YFD0201903);公益性行业(农业)科研专项“棉花苗期根腐类病害综合治理技术”(201503112-6)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同基肥水平对棉苗生长和棉花产量的影响,促进棉花基肥的合理施用及棉花化肥的减施增效。【方法】设置基肥施肥量分别为20、30、40、50和60 kg/667m 2的5个处理,分别在2叶期、4叶期和6叶期采样,测定棉株株高、鲜重、干重,对比不同肥力水平下棉花苗期生长情况;棉花采收期,测定不同基肥水平下的棉花产量和衣分。【结果】不同基肥水平对棉苗株高、鲜重、干重及干物质比有一定影响,但影响幅度不大;以基肥施肥量30 kg/667m 2处理的综合指标及经济性较好。产量与基肥施用量呈正相关,但衣分随施肥量增加有所降低;各处理皮棉产量无显著性差异;以基肥施肥量30 kg/667m 2处理的经济性最好。【结论】在所设5个不同基肥施用水平之间对棉花苗期的生长情况和产量影响不大,从经济性和生态效益综合考虑,在后期追肥实现水肥一体化及合理追肥条件下,基肥施用量以30 kg/667m 2为宜。【Objective】To clarify the effects of different basal fertilizer levels on cotton seedling growth and cotton yield and to promote the rational application of cotton base fertilizer and the pesticide reduction and increase of their efficiency.【Method】The five treatments basal fertilizer were set,which were 20,30,40,50 and 60 kg.Samples were collected at the 2-leaf stage,4-leaf stage and 6-leaf stage to determine the plant height,fresh weight and dry weight respectively.The growth of cotton seedling at different fertility levels was compared,and the yield and clothing of cotton at different basal fertilizer levels were measured in cotton harvest period.comparison of cotton seedling growth under different fertility levels;In cotton harvest period,cotton yield and lint percentage under different basal fertilizer levels were measured.【Result】The analysis of the effects on cotton seedling growth showed that different basal fertilizer levels had certain effects on the plant height,fresh weight,dry weight and dry matter ratio of cotton seedlings,but the magnitude of the effects was not large.The comprehensive index and economic efficiency of 30 kg fertilizer application per acre of base fertilizer were better.The comparison of the yield of different treatments showed that the yield was positively correlated with the application amount of base fertilizer,but the lint percentage decreased with the increase of application amount.There was no significant difference in lint yield between treatments and the economical benefit of treatment with a base fertilizer application rate of 30 kg was the best.【Conclusion】The five different basal fertilizer application levels had little effect on the growth of cotton at seedling stage.

关 键 词：棉花 肥力水平 基肥 棉花产量 棉花衣分 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S141