不同焊接位置铝合金接头的气孔敏感性分析  

Analysis of porosity sensitivity of aluminum alloy joints at different welding positions

作　　者：张宗来 兰玲[2] 陆雷俊 桂赤斌[3] ZHANG Zonglai;LAN Ling;LU Leijun;GUI Chibin(Fujian Baima Shipyard,Fuan 355011,China;Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute,Shanghai 200032,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省白马船厂,福建福安355011 [2]上海船舶工艺研究所,上海200032 [3]华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《电焊机》2020年第3期133-136,I0009,共5页Electric Welding Machine

摘　　要：铝合金的焊接特点之一是容易产生气孔,大量气孔的存在不仅会减少焊缝的有效截面强度,还可能因为气孔形成失效源,严重时破坏焊接结构,影响焊缝的使用性能。铝合金焊缝产生气孔的因素很多,试验设计:固定焊接工艺参数,对不同焊接位置的试板进行焊接试验,结合X射线无损检测结果分析5083铝合金MIG焊接头气孔敏感性与焊接位置的关系,总结焊缝中气孔的分布规律。在相同焊接条件下横焊位置焊接时对气孔的敏感性最高,这是因为横焊位置处的电弧不正对熔池,熔池受热不均匀,且电弧对熔池的搅拌作用较弱造成的。通过优化焊接工艺参数和控制焊接环境能有效改善焊接气孔的敏感性,提高焊接质量可靠性。One of the welding characteristics of aluminum alloy materials is that it is easy to produce gas pores. The existence of a large number of gas pores may not only reduce the strength of effective section of the weld,but also cause the damage of the welding structure and affect the service performance of the weld. There are many factors for the generation of gas pores in aluminum alloy welds. In this paper,through the welding tests of plates at different welding positions under the condition of fixed welding parameters, the relationship between the gas pore sensitivity of MIG welded joint of 5083 aluminum alloy and welding position is analyzed combining with the X-ray nondestructive testing results,and the distribution law of gas pore in the weld is summarized. The results show that under the same condition,the gas pore sensitivity is the highest when welding at horizontal position of welding. This is because at horizontal position of welding,arc is not straight to the molten pool,the pool is heated unevenly,and the stirring effect of arc on molten pool is weak.Appropriately optimizing welding para-meters and controlling environment can improve the sensitivity of welding gas pore and the welding quality reliability.

关 键 词：铝合金 MIG焊 气孔 

分 类 号：TG457.1[金属学及工艺—焊接]