不同产量潜力品种小麦群体动态和干物质积累特性的差异  

Differences in Population Dynamics and Dry Matter Accumulation Characteristics of Wheat Varieties with Different Yield Potential

作　　者：唐兴旺 骆兰平 于振文[1] 石玉[1] Tang Xingwang;Luo Lanping;Yu Zhenwen;Shi Yu(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Ministry of Agriculture,Taian 271018,China;Dezhou Agricultural Conservation and Technology Extension Center,Dezhou 253016,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]德州市农业保护与技术推广中心,山东德州253016

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2020年第3期29-33,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31771715);农业部现代小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-1-19)。

摘　　要：为明确不同潜力小麦品种干物质积累特性与产量的差异,本试验在大田条件下以烟农1212、济麦22和济麦229为材料,研究3个品种群体动态变化和干物质积累、转运、分配以及籽粒产量的差异。结果表明:①越冬期至拔节期小麦群体总茎数表现为济麦22、济麦229>烟农1212,开花期和成熟期群体总茎数3个品种间无显著差异;分蘖成穗率表现为烟农1212>济麦22、济麦229。②越冬期至拔节期烟农1212和济麦22干物质积累量无显著差异,均显著高于济麦229;开花期和成熟期为烟农1212>济麦22>济麦229。③开花后干物质在籽粒中的分配量为烟农1212>济麦22>济麦229;开花后干物质对籽粒的贡献率为烟农1212>济麦22、济麦229。④品种间单位面积穗数无显著差异,穗粒数表现为烟农1212>济麦22、济麦229,千粒重为烟农1212、济麦22>济麦229;烟农1212的籽粒产量最高,达到10893.44kg·hm-2。烟农1212品种无效分蘖少,生育后期干物质积累能力强,收获指数高,获得最高产量。In order to clarify the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and yield differences among wheat varieties with different yield potential,the differences of population dynamics,dry matter accumulation,transport and distribution,and grain yield among Yannong 1212,Jimai 22 and Jimai 229 were studied under field conditions.The results showed that:①The total number of stems of different wheat population from wintering stage to jointing stage showed as Jimai 22 and Jimai 229>Yannong 1212,and that at flowering stage and mature stage were not significantly different.The spike forming rate of tillers was in the order of Yannong 1212>Jimai 22 and Jimai 229.②There was no significant difference in the accumulation amount of dry matter between Yannong 1212 and Jimai 22 from wintering stage to jointing stage,but they were significantly higher compared with Jimai 229;while that at flowering stage and maturity stage was Yannong 1212>Jimai 22>Jimai 229.③The distribution amount of dry matter in grains after flowering was Yannong 1212>Jimai 22>Jimai 229.The contribution rate of dry matter to grains after flowering was Yannong 1212>Jimai 22 and Jimai 229.④There was no significant difference in ear number per unit area among the three varieties.The grain number per spike showed as Yannong 1212>Jimai 22 and Jimai 229,and the 1000-grain weight showed as Yannong 1212 and Jimai 22>Jimai 229.The grain yield of Yannong 1212 was the highest as 10893.44 kg·hm-2.Yannong 1212 were considered as having few ineffective tillers,strong dry matter accumulation ability at late growth stage and high harvest index in the study,so it had the highest grain yield.

关 键 词：小麦 品种 群体 干物质积累特性 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]