耐高温、高强度隔热复合材料研究进展  

Research Progress on High-temperature Insulation Composites with High Mechanical Property

作　　者：瑚佩 姜勇刚[1] 张忠明[2] 冯军宗[1] 李良军 冯坚[1] HU Pei;JIANG Yonggang;ZHANG Zhongming;FENG Junzong;LI Liangjun;FENG Jian(Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室,长沙410073 [2]西安理工大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710048

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第7期82-90,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金(2018JJ2469)。

摘　　要：新型航天飞行器大面积热防护系统中,外部的防隔热层和机体内部冷结构之间一般需要用耐高温、高强度的隔热材料进行连接。在高温工业领域,隔热材料需要同时发挥隔热、承重功能。具有耐高温、高强度、低热导率性能的隔热材料在航空航天、高温工业等领域具有广阔的应用前景。多孔陶瓷因为其独特的多孔结构,具有较高的孔隙率、较低的热导率,被广泛应用于隔热领域。但多孔陶瓷材料的高孔隙率导致其强度较低,因此,近年来除开发新型高强度多孔陶瓷材料外,主要从选择合适的增强纤维和制备工艺优化方面不断提高多孔陶瓷材料的强度。目前,以纤维为增强体的纤维增强多孔陶瓷基复合材料,或者以纤维为基体的纤维多孔陶瓷材料研究成果较为丰硕,在充分发挥多孔陶瓷低热导率优势的同时大幅度提高了材料的强度。在具有较低热导率的多孔陶瓷基复合材料中,纤维增强纳米孔气凝胶隔热复合材料具有独特的纳米孔结构,其孔隙率很高、热导率很低且具有一定的强度;纤维多孔陶瓷具有由纤维与粘结剂构成的微米孔,孔隙率较高,其热导率虽高于气凝胶隔热复合材料,但强度较高、耐温性较好;纤维增强氧化物陶瓷基复合材料强度很高、耐温性也较好,但孔隙率较低、热导率较高。本文归纳了国内外耐高温、高强度隔热复合材料的研究进展,分别对纤维增强气凝胶隔热复合材料、纤维多孔陶瓷隔热材料、纤维增强氧化物陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法与相关性能进行介绍,分析了耐高温、高强度隔热复合材料面临的问题并展望其前景。The connection between the external thermal insulation layer and the internal cold structure of the body generally needs to be made with thermal insulation materials in the thermal protection system of the high-speed aircraft.Insulation materials are desigened to bearing load while maintaining their advantageous of excellent thermal insulation properties in the field of high temperature industry.Heat insulation materials with high-temperature performance,high strength and low thermal conductivity have board application prospects.Porous ceramics are widely used in the field of insulation due to their unique porous structure,high posity and low thermal conductivity.Howe-ver,the low strength of porous ceramic materials restrict the application because of the high posity.At present,lots of researches endeavors to seek fiber reinforced ceramic and optimize porous ceramic fabrication process,aiming at increasing strength of porous ceramic while reducing the thermal conductivity.Several research groups have reported the fiber reinfrced ceramic matrix conposites and fibrous porous ceramic are presented an excellent mechanical property and low thermal conductivity.Among porous ceramic matrix composites with low thermal conductivity,fiber-reinforced nanopore aerogel thermal insulation composites have unique nanopore structure,high porosity,low thermal conductivity and strength.Fiber porous ceramics with high porosity,high strength and high temperature performance,but its thermal conductivity is higher than that of aerogel composites.Fiber reinforced oxide ceramic matrix composites have low porosity,excellent strength and high temperature resistance,but its thermal conductivity is too high.This review offers a retrospection of the research efforts with respect to the high-temperature performance and high strength insulation compo-sites,and provides elaborate descriptions about the structure of the fiber reinforced aerogel insulation composites,the fibrous porous ceramic and fiber reinforced oxide ceramic matrix composites.W

关 键 词：耐高温 高强度 隔热复合材料 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]