铜/铝双金属复合材料研究新进展  

New Research Progress on Copper/Aluminum Bimetallic Composites

作　　者：刘国平 王渠东[1] 蒋海燕[1] LIU Guoping;WANG Qudong;JIANG Haiyan(National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心,上海交通大学金属基复合材料国家重点实验室,上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院,上海200240

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第7期115-122,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委面上项目(51674166)。

摘　　要：双金属复合材料能综合各基体金属的优异性能,弥补单一金属的不足,具有性价比高、成本低等特点,是目前材料研究领域的热点。铜/铝双金属复合材料作为一种典型的双金属复合材料,综合利用铜的高导电、高导热,以及铝的质轻、易焊接、低成本等优点,广泛应用于电力、热传输、汽车等领域,受到国内外研究人员的广泛关注。然而,制备铜/铝双金属复合材料的主要难点包括:(1)铜、铝两种材料均易氧化,且形成的氧化膜难以去除;(2)界面易形成硬脆的金属间化合物,危害铜/铝双金属复合材料的性能。近年来,研究人员不断完善现有工艺和开发新工艺,对界面形成机理、金属间化合物的生长调控、组元金属之间的尺寸与性能的匹配、变形与热处理协调、性能表征等方面进行了大量研究,并取得了丰富的成果。研究人员通过优化工艺参数、采用物理和化学方法控制界面金属间化合物的生长,提高界面结合强度;采用原位表征手段观察界面的相演变,探究界面结合机理;结合有限元模拟技术,开展铜/铝双金属复合材料变形、热处理和缺陷预测等方面研究,指导实际生产;综合评价铜/铝双金属复合材料的力学、电学、热学和耐腐蚀等性能,不断挖掘其应用潜力。本文归纳了铜/铝双金属复合材料的制备工艺,重点评析了组合复合工艺在制备铜/铝双金属复合材料的应用。综述了铜/铝双金属复合材料在界面组成、原位观察界面相的演变、界面性能评价和界面结合性能提升等方面的研究新进展,并预测了铜/铝双金属复合材料未来的研究方向。Bimetallic composite is a hotspot in material research because it integrates the excellent properties of various matrix metals and makes up for the deficiency of single metal.As a typical bimetallic composite,Cu/Al bimetallic composite comprehensively utilizes the advantages of high conductivity and heat conduction of copper,as well as light weight,easy welding and low cost of aluminum,which is widely used in electric po-wer,heat transmission,automobile and other fields,attracting extensive attentions of researchers at home and abroad.However,the main difficulties in preparing Cu/Al bimetallic composites include:(1)both copper and aluminum materials are easy to be oxidized,and the formed oxidation film is difficult to be removed;(2)the interface is easy to form hard and brittle intermetallic compounds,which will harm the performance of Cu/Al bimetallic composites.Therefore,in recent years,researchers have made a lot of researches including how to improve the existing processes and develop new processes;exploring the interface formation mechanism,growth regulation of intermetallic compounds,size and performance matching between component metals,deformation and heat treatment coordination,performance characte-rization and other aspects.The growth of intermetallic compounds is controlled by optimizing process parameters and physical and chemical methods to improve interfacial bonding strength.In-situ characterization is used to observe the phase evolution of the interface and explore the interface bonding mechanism.Combined with the finite element simulation technology,the research on deformation,heat treatment and defect prediction of Cu/Al bimetallic composite is carried out to guide the actual production.The mechanical,electrical,thermal and corrosion resistance properties of Cu/Al bimetallic composites are evaluated comprehensively,and their application potential is explored continuously.In this paper,the preparation process of Cu/Al bimetal is summarized,and the application of combined bonding process is highly

关 键 词：铜/铝复合 界面 金属间化合物 热性能 结合性能 

分 类 号：TB331[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]