有机无机肥配合生化抑制剂抑制土壤有机碳的转化  

Partial replacement of inorganic N with cattle manure and combining use of biochemical inhibitors inhibit organic carbon conversion in soil

作　　者：呼娟娟 陶瑞 褚贵新[1,2] HU Juan-juan;TAO Rui;CHU Gui-xin(College of Agronomy,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003;College of Life Science,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing,Zhejiang 312000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]绍兴文理学院生命科学学院,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2020年第1期19-31,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503116);国家十二五科技支撑项目(2012BAD42B02)。

摘　　要：【目的】有机肥部分替代化肥是确保土壤地力提升、兼顾农田养分高效利用的有效途径。脲酶和硝化抑制剂可有效抑制尿素水解和土壤硝化过程。研究硝化抑制剂[2-氯-6(三氯甲基)-吡啶(nitrapyrin,CP)]和脲酶抑制剂[正丁基硫代磷酸酰胺(N-butyl thiophosphamide,NB)]对土壤有机碳素转化的影响,为有机无机肥配合施用提供科学依据。【方法】在25℃和35℃条件下进行土壤培养试验。试验共设不施肥对照(CK)、单施尿素(U)、尿素+牛粪(UM)、尿素+牛粪+NB(UMNB)、尿素+牛粪+CP(UMCP)、尿素+牛粪+NB+CP(UMNB+CP)6个处理。除CK外,所有处理氮素用量一致,均为N 0.35 g/kg,除单施尿素处理,其余处理中牛粪氮的比例均为40%。在培养第7、32、81天取样,测定土壤有机碳组分含量,分析土壤蔗糖酶、纤维素酶、β-D-葡萄糖苷酶、多酚氧化酶4种酶活性。【结果】在25℃和35℃条件下,培养后第7、32、81天UMNB、UMCP和UMNB+CP处理的土壤有机碳量(SOC)与UM间无显著差异,但均显著高于单施尿素处理;与UM相比,UMNB、UMCP、UMNB+CP处理的土壤易氧化碳(EOOC)平均分别降低了7.6%、5.4%和15.4%;UMNB、UMCP、UMNB+CP处理的微生物生物量碳(MBC)平均值为190 mg/kg(25℃)和286 mg/kg(35℃),与UM相比分别降低了47%(25℃)和13.9%(35℃)。在25℃条件下,培养第7和81天时,UMNB、UMCP、UMNB+CP处理的EOOC值与UM差异不显著,而在第32天时,均显著低于UM,3个抑制剂处理间差异不显著;在35℃下3个抑制剂处理与UM处理差异未达显著水平,只在32天时UMNB+CP处理显著低于其他两个抑制剂处理(P<0.05)。微生物生物量碳下降的幅度在3个培养期和两个温度下,均表现为UMNB<UMCP<UMNB+CP;在25℃下,第7天和32天时UMCP和UMNB+CP的MBC量显著低于UMNB;在35℃下,仅在第7天时UMCP和UMNB+CP显著低于UMNB,而UMCP和UMNB+CP间MBC量差异不显著。与U和CK相比,4个添加牛粪的处理均可提高土壤β-D-葡萄糖苷酶和�【Objectives】Partial replacement of inorganic nitrogen(N) with organic manure is encouraged in China as an effective technique for improving soil fertility and nutrient use efficiency. N-butyl thiophosphamide(NB) and nitrapyrin(CP) promote N use efficiency by blocking urea hydrolysis and inhibiting soil N nitrification,but their impact on soil organic carbon(SOC) transformation remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the influence of NB and CP on soil organic carbon transformation.【Methods】Soil batch incubation experiment was performed in plant growth chamber at 25℃ and 35℃. Six treatments were designed, namely: no fertilizer control(CK);single urea(U);urea+cattle manure(UM);urea+cattle manure+NB(UMNB);urea+cattle manure+CP(UMCP)and urea+cattle manure+NB+CP(UMNB+CP). Soil samples were collected at 7, 32 and 81 days after incubation, and the total soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and easily oxidized organic carbon(EOOC), soil invertase, cellulase, β-D-glucosidase and polyphenoloxidase were analyzed.【Results】At 25℃ and 35℃, the SOC contents in UMNB, UMCP and UMNB+CP were similar with that in UM at all sampling days, and they were all significantly higher(P < 0.05) than that in U. The average EOOC contents in UMNB(3.26 g/kg), UMCP(3.34 g/kg)and UMNB+CP(3.06 g/kg) at 25℃ and 35℃ were 7.6%, 5.4% and 15.4% lower than that in UM(3.53 g/kg),respectively. Similarly, the average MBC contents in UMNB(279.7 mg/kg), UMCP(224.0 mg/kg) and UMNB+CP(211.0 mg/kg) at 25℃ and 35℃ were 7%(UMNB), 27%(UMCP) and 40%(UMNB+CP) lower than that in UM(300.6 mg/kg), respectively. At 25℃, the EOOC contents in UMNB, UMCP, UMNB+CP treatments in the three incubation periods were not significantly different from that in UM(P > 0.05), except on the 32 nd day when they were significantly lower than that in UM(P < 0.05). At 35℃, all the EOOC contents in the four manure and inhibitor treatments in the three periods were not significantly different(P > 0.05), only except on the 32 nd day when the UMNB+CP

关 键 词：土壤有机碳 化肥氮 脲酶抑制剂 硝化抑制剂 酶活性 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学] S153.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]