基于亲和度分析法测度延安城市森林组成格局多样性和景观复杂性  

Measuring Compositional and Landscape Complexity of Urban Forest in Yan an City Based on Affinity Analysis

作　　者：张新平[1,2] 李皓 张芳芳[3] 乔治 闫杰[2] 王得祥[1] 康海斌[1] 王睿[1] ZHANG Xin-ping;LI Hao;ZHANG Fang-fang;QIAO Zhi;YAN Jie;WANG De-xiang;KANG Hai-bin;WANG Rui(College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;College of Art and Design,Xi an University of Technology,Xi an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Branch School of Gaoling District Xi an City,Shaanxi Agricultural Broadcasting and Television School,Xi an 710200,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]西安理工大学艺术与设计学院,陕西西安710054 [3]陕西省农业广播电视学校西安市高陵区分校,陕西西安710200

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2020年第2期47-54,共8页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划课题“环境友好型城镇景观林构建技术研究与示范”(2015BAD07B06);文化部文化艺术研究项目“西北地区工业遗产型产业园地域文化创意因子植入及景观活化研究”(17DH17);陕西省教育厅人文社会科学专项科研计划:城市第五空间塑造—西安市明城区公共卫生间设施系统规划及创新设计研究(18JK0530);教育部人文社科青年基金项目“工业遗产型创意产业园文化传承及地域认同研究:内涵重塑、业态培育、主题营造”(18YJC760063);陕西省社科界重大理论与现实问题研究项目:基于生态视角的陕西关中地区农村人居环境建设模式研究(2019Z097)。

摘　　要：在延安城市森林区域内,空间相对均布地设置60个20 m×20 m的样地(20种森林斑块类型,3个重复),通过样地调查、土壤化学性质分析及亲和度分析,获得各类森林斑块的物种丰富度(S)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、土壤养分及镶嵌多样性(m)。结果表明:1)延安城市森林的20种森林斑块乔木层物种丰富度低,而灌木层和草本层较高,多数类型的森林斑块物种丰富。2)该区域物种多样性不同程度地受海拔、坡位数、郁闭度、表层土壤全N、全P和全K等环境因子共同作用。3)20类森林斑块间植物物种镶嵌多样性>3(m=5.54357),表明延安城市森林景观植被格局较复杂,不存在明显的生态梯度。4)白桦山杨混交林、白桦纯林、油松纯林和三角枫山杨混交林这4种类型森林斑块为中心点,拥有该区大多数普遍种,代表了该区大多数环境类型。山杏纯林、沙棘灌木林、苹果林和辽东栎侧柏混交林在景观中属于外点。其余12类森林普遍分布在该区的森林景观中,占据了大多数生境空间。得出植被组成格局及其空间分布状况,可以用于指导延安城市森林经营管理上的森林斑块功能类型区划和重要生境的识别与保护。Within geographical scope of urban forest in Yan an city,60 typical sample plots(20 types of forest patches,each type with triplicate)with the area of 20 m×20 m,were chosen as research objects,the plots selected were similar in spatial distributions.All kinds of species richness(S)of forest patches,Shannon Wiener diversity index(H′),soil nutrient and mosaic diversity(m)were obtained through field survey,determination of soil chemical properties and affinity analysis.The findings showed that:1)Species richness of the arbor layer of 20 types of forest patches in Yan an urban forest was relatively low,while that of the shrub layer and herb layer was relatively high.2)The species diversity in this region was differently affected by elevation,slope position,canopy density,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium of the surface soil and other environmental factors.3)The mosaic diversity(m)of plant species among 20 types of forest patches was greater than 3(m=5.54357),indicating that the landscape vegetation pattern of Yan an urban forest was relatively complex and there was no obvious ecological gradient.4)The four types of forest patches,namely,Betula platyphylla×Populus davidiana mixed forest patch,B.platyphylla pure forest patch,Pinus tabuliformis pure forest patch and Acer buergerianum-Populus davidiana mixed forest patch,had the most common species and presented the most common environment types in study area.Armeniaca sibirica forest patch,Hippophae rhamnoides shrub patch,Malus pumila forest patch and Quercus wutaishanica×Platycladus orientalis mixed forest patch were outliers.The other 12 types of forest patches generally distributed in the study area and occupied most of the habitat space.The results of vegetation composition pattern and its spatial distribution can be used to guide the functional type zoning of forest patches,and to identify and protect the important habitats in Yan an urban forest management.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵沟壑区 物种多样性 景观格局多样性 相似度 镶嵌多样性 

分 类 号：S718.52[农业科学—林学]