电离层时空变化效应对星载及月基SAR成像影响:现状与展望  

Ionospheric effects on satellite and moon-based SAR:current situation and prospects

作　　者：陈锟山 许镇 CHEN Kunshan;XU Zhen(State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所/遥感科学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《南京信息工程大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第2期135-149,共15页Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41590853,41531175)。

摘　　要：合成孔径雷达(SAR)作为一种主动传感器,具备全天时、全天候的观测能力,已广泛应用于对地观测中.然而,无线电信号在空间传播过程中会不可避免地受到电离层效应的影响,导致信号的相位、幅度发生变化,使得工作在电离层之上的SAR系统的成像性能受到干扰.本文分别从法拉第旋转、背景电离层和电离层不规则体三个方面介绍了电离层效应对不同轨道SAR系统成像性能的影响,并总结了电离层效应的补偿修正方案.最后,给出了电离层效应对星载和月基SAR成像影响的一些亟待解决的问题,以促进星载和月基SAR成像的发展及应用.As an active sensor,Synthetic Aperture Radar( SAR) finds many applications in earth observation.However,the signal transmission and reception are persistently disturbed through the ionosphere layer at L-band and below.Ionospheric effect brings phase and amplitude errors to the radio signal traversed therein,and further exerts severe impact on the SAR mage quality. In this paper,we review the spatial-temporal ionospheric effects on the imaging performance of SAR systems that operate at different orbital altitudes. Three kinds of effects are investigated: the Faraday rotation,the background ionospheric effects and ionospheric scintillation.Compensation approaches for these effects are then summarized.Finally,problematic issues associated with the ionospheric effects are outlined in the context of SAR theory and applications.

关 键 词：电离层效应 合成孔径雷达 法拉第旋转 背景电离层 电离层不规则体 成像性能 

分 类 号：TN957[电子电信—信号与信息处理]