地铁火灾事故中人员疏散时间计算模型与仿真  

Calculation Model and Simulation of Evacuation Time in the Subway Fire Accident

作　　者：李杨杨 LI Yangyang(East China Architectural Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210000,China)

机构地区：[1]华东建筑设计研究院有限公司,南京210000

出　　处：《现代交通技术》2020年第1期83-88,共6页Modern Transportation Technology

摘　　要：结合地铁车站火灾事故中人员疏散过程的实际情况,综合考虑人员响应、客流下车、离开站台、通过检票口、通过楼扶梯和通道5个过程的客流实际疏散情况,开展疏散试验,对人员疏散行为进行定量研究,同时利用试验数据对疏散时间计算公式和疏散模型进行验证和参数标定,建立基于不同空间环境客流密度的地铁车站分段客流疏散时间计算模型。选取典型地下二层岛式地铁车站为研究对象,设定疏散场景及参数,应用所建立的计算模型对疏散时间进行计算,其计算结果与使用《NFPA 130:轨道交通客运系统标准》所推荐的计算方法的计算结果接近,验证了分段客流疏散时间计算模型的可行性。最后,利用基于社会力模型的Anylogic软件对疏散过程进行仿真,将仿真结果与计算结果进行对比,结果表明,本文提出的分段客流疏散时间计算模型的计算结果误差较小,相对较为合理。Combining with the actual situation of evacuation process in subway station fire accident, the actual evacuation situ- ation of passenger flow in the five processes of response, passenger flow getting off the train, leaving the platform, passing through the ticket gate, passing through the building escalator and passageway is comprehensively considered. The evacuation experiment was carried out to quantitatively study the evacuation behavior. The evacuation time formula and evacuation model were verified and calibrated by the experimental data. A passenger flow evacuation time model for subway stations based on passenger flow density in different space environments is established. The typical underground two-storey island subway station is selected as the research object, and the evacuation scenarios and parameters are established. The evacuation time is calcu- lated by using the established model. The calculation method recommended in 《NFPA 130: Standard for fixed guideway transit and passenger rail systems》. Transit is also used to calculate the evacuation time. The calculation method is compared with the sectional evacuation time proposed in this paper. The calculated results are close to each other. Finally, Anylogic software based on social force model is used to simulate the evacuation process, and the simulation results are compared with the calcu- lation results. The calculation results of the sectional evacuation time proposed in this paper have small error and are relatively reasonable.

关 键 词：地铁火灾事故 疏散时间计算模型 疏散实验 Anylogic仿真 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]