不同改良剂对吉林西部重度盐碱土的改良及牧草的增产  

Effects of Different Soil Amendments on the Soil Improving and the Forage Grass Yield Increasing on the Severe Saline-alkali Soil in the Western Jilin Province

作　　者：张瑜[1] 徐子棋 杨献坤[1] ZHANG Yu;XU Ziqi;YANG Xiankun(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation of Jilin Province,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省水土保持科学研究院,长春130033

出　　处：《森林工程》2020年第2期25-34,共10页Forest Engineering

基　　金：吉林省财政厅项目(吉林省西部湿地消落带植被修复关键技术研究);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0504200,2018YFC0507002-05)。

摘　　要：为研究磷石膏、有机肥在吉林省西部重度苏打盐碱地上改土、增产效果,提供苏打盐碱地化学改良的理论支持。本研究开展室外试验,研究不同用量的磷石膏、有机肥对盐碱土理化性质及当地优质牧草-水稗(Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv.)产量的影响。结果表明:①有机肥和磷石膏均能改善土壤物理性质,LY(磷石膏20 t/hm^2+有机肥20 t/hm^2)处理改善效果最明显,该处理降低容重12.1%、提高土壤含水率17.5%、提高土壤总孔隙度11.3%;②磷石膏降低土壤盐碱化指标效果优于有机肥,且LY的改良效果最明显,降低pH和电导率的百分比分别为11.3%和32.7%;③有机肥提高有机质、全氮效果优于磷石膏,但二者对土壤全钾没有明显的影响。④有机肥促进水稗生长、生物量积累的效果优于磷石膏,LY的增产效果最佳,提高鲜草产量和干草产量的比例分别为208.4%和217.1%。⑤分析表明,吉林西部重度苏打盐碱土影响水稗产量最重要的3个因子为土壤总孔隙度、全氮和有机质。综上所述,磷石膏和有机肥在改良吉林西部重度苏打盐碱土理化性状和提高该区域牧草产量方面均具有较好效果,二者合理配合使用效果更佳,适于推广利用。In order to explore the soil improvement effect and the forage grass yield-increasing effect of the phosphogypsum and the organic fertilizer on the severe Soda saline-alkali soil in the Western Jinlin Province, and to provide theoretical support for chemical improvement of soda saline-alkali soil, the field experiments were carried out to research the influence of the phosphogypsum and the organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of the severe saline-alkali soil and the yield of the barnyard grass(Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv.). The results show that: ① Both of the phosphogypsum and the organic fertilizer can improve the soil physical properties, and the effect of the LY(phosphogypsum 20 t/hm^2 + organic fertilizer 20 t/hm^2) treatment is most significant, and this treatment reduces 12.1% of the bulk density, increases 17.5% of the water content, and increases 11.3% of the total porosity;② The salinization degree reducing function of the phosphogypsum is much better than that of the organic fertilizer, and the function of the LY treatment is the best, and it reduces 11.3% of the pH and 32.7% of the conductivity;③ The organic matter and the total nitrogen increasing effect of the organic fertilizer is more significant than that of the phosphogypsum, but both of them has no significant influence on the total potassium;④ The growth promoting action and the biomass improving action of the organic fertilizer is better than those of the phosphogypsum, and the LY treatment has the best effect, it increases 208.4% of the fresh grass yield and 217.1% of the dry grass yield, respectively;⑤ The correlation analysis result shows that the most important factors those influence the yield of the barnyard grass on the severe saline-alkali soil in the Western Jinlin Province are total porosity, total nitrogen and the organic matter. In conclusion: the phosphogypsum and the organic fertilizer have significant effect on the improvement of the soil physical and chemical properties and the yield of the

关 键 词：盐碱地 改良 磷石膏 有机肥 水稗 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]