基于空间插值法的长江口海水质量评价  

Evaluation of Seawater Quality in the Yangtze River Estuary Based on Spatial Interpolation

作　　者：陈慧文 陈锦辉 吴建辉[1,2] 赵晨 范厚勇 王琳 Chen Huiwen(Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Research Center,Shanghai 202150,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市水生野生动植物保护研究中心,上海202150 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2020年第6期77-82,共6页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：上海市长江口海域国家级海洋牧场建设(NY2017002);上海市长江口中华鲟资源调查和保护(NY2018001)。

摘　　要：在海水质量评价中,为获得研究区范围内连续环境分布状况,空间插值方法是一种有效的手段。由于空间插值方法的假设不同,针对不同变化趋势的水环境要素,最适合的方法可能存在差别。该研究利用反距离权重插值方法(Inverse Distance Weighting,IDW)、普通克里金法(Ordinary Kriging,OK)以及径向基函数(Radial Basis Function,RBF),对2018年长江口中华鲟自然保护区及周边水域的溶解氧(DO)、pH、化学需氧量(COD)和铜(Cu)数据进行插值,并基于最优插值结果对海水质量进行评价。其中,普通克里金法的半方差模型分别选择指数(OKE)、高斯(OKG)和球面(OKS)模型,径向基函数包括完全规则样条函数(Regularized Spline Function,RS)和张力样条函数(Tension Spline Function,TS)。结果表明:(1)经交叉验证,DO较为适用的空间插值方法为RS,pH为TS,COD为IDW,Cu为OKE;(2)四季中所得DO值均达海水质量评价第I类标准;冬季pH在东滩水域部分范围内为第Ⅲ/Ⅳ类标准,其他季节pH均达第Ⅰ类标准;秋季COD在东滩水域部分范围内为第Ⅳ类标准,其余季节主要为第Ⅱ类标准和第Ⅲ类标准;冬季Cu污染最为严重,在研究区范围内均为第Ⅲ/Ⅳ类标准,春季北支和东滩水域大部分为第Ⅱ类标准。说明不同空间插值方法会对长江口水环境要素的预测造成影响,并且针对不同空间变化趋势的环境数据,每种变量适用的空间插值方法也有所不同,最终影响海水质量的评价。因此,建议在今后的长江口海水质量评价研究中将以上潜在影响纳入考虑范围内。In the seawater quality assessment, in order to obtain the continuous environmental distribution in the study area, the spatial interpolation method is an effective method. Due to the different assumptions of the spatial interpolation method, the most suitable method may be different for the water environment elements with different changing trends.Inthisstudy,inverse distance weight in terpolation(Inverse Distance Weighting, IDW), ordinary Kriging method(Ordinary Kriging,OK)and radial basis function(Radial Basis Function,RBF)were used to interpolate the dissolved oxygen(DO), pH, chemical oxygen demand(COD)and copper(Cu)data of the Yangtze Estuary Chinese Sturgeon Nature Reserveand its surrounding waters in 2018,and the seawater quality was evaluated based on the optimal interpolation results. The semi-variance model of ordinary Kriging method chooses exponential(OKE), Gaussian(OKG)and spHerical(OKS)model respectively, and the radial basis function includes fully regular spline function(Regularized Spline Function, RS)and tension spline function(Tension Spline Function, TS). The results show that:1)after cross-verification, the suitable spatial interpolation method of DO is that RS, pH is TS, COD and IDW, Cu is OKE;2)the DO values obtained in the four seasons all meet the Class Ⅰ standard of seawater quality evaluation, the pH is Class Ⅲ/Ⅳ standard in part of Dongtan waters in winter, and the pH in other seasons reaches Class I standard.In autumn, COD is Class Ⅳ standard in part of Dongtan waters, while in other seasons, it is mainly Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ standards;Cu pollution is the most serious in winter, which is Class Ⅲ/Ⅳ standard in the study area, and most of the North Branch and Dongtan waters are Class Ⅱ standards in spring. The study shows that different spatial interpolation methods will affect the prediction of the environmental elements of the Yangtze River Estuary, and according to the environmental data of different spatial trends, the applicable spatial interpolation methods of eac

关 键 词：空间插值法 长江口 水质 评价 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]