人工智能技术时代法医学科面临的新机遇与挑战  

New Opportunities and Challenges for Forensic Medicine in the Era of Artificial Intelligence Technology

作　　者：方雅婷 兰琼 解通 刘艳芳 梅书燕 朱波峰 FANG Ya-ting;LAN Qiong;XIE Tong;LIU Yan-fang;MEI Shu-yan;ZHU Bo-feng(School of Forensic Medicine,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China;Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine,College of Stomatology,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Shaanxi 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学法医学院,广东广州510515 [2]西安交通大学口腔医学院陕西省颅颌面精准医学研究中心,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《法医学杂志》2020年第1期77-85,共9页Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81525015)。

摘　　要：传统的法医学鉴定依赖于法医专家提取信息,运用医学、生物学等多领域知识结合工作经验作出鉴定意见,不仅耗时耗力,而且存在难以克服的主观因素。在大数据时代,人工智能的蓬勃发展为法医学带来了新思路。近些年,国内外法医学者们基于人工智能技术开展了人脸识别、年龄及性别鉴定、DNA分析、死亡时间推断、损伤以及死亡原因鉴定等多方面的研究,显示出运用人工智能技术解决法医学鉴定问题的可行性与优越性。人工智能技术作为一种适应时代发展的崭新技术手段,为法医学带来新活力的同时,也带来了新挑战。如何科学应对这些挑战,形成人工智能和法医学协同发展的"人工智能+法医学"新模式,是大数据时代下法医学发展的新方向。Traditional forensic identification relies on forensic experts to manually extract information and provide identification opinions based on medicine, biology and other fields of knowledge combined with personal work experience, which is not only time-consuming and require great effort, but also affected by subjective factors that are difficult to overcome. In the era of big data, the booming development of artificial intelligence brings new ideas to forensic medicine. In recent years, forensic researchers at home and abroad have conducted many studies based on artificial intelligence technology, such as face recognition, age and gender identification, DNA analysis, postmortem interval estimation, injury and cause of death identification, showing the feasibility and advantages of using artificial intelligence technology to solve forensic identification problems. As a new means of technology that has adapted to the development of the times, artificial intelligence has brought new vitality to forensic medicine, but at the same time also some new challenges. How to deal with these challenges scientifically and form a new mode of ‘artificial intelligence plus forensic medicine’ with artificial intelligence and forensic medicine developing collaboratively is a new direction for the development of forensic medicine in the era of big data.

关 键 词：法医学 人工智能 机器学习 深度学习 综述 

分 类 号：DF795.1[医药卫生—法医学]