植物源杀虫剂对棉花苗蚜防治效果比较  

Comparison of Control Effects of Botanical Insecticides on Cotton Seeding Aphids

作　　者：张谦[1] 祁虹[1] 王燕[1] 冯国艺[1] 林永增[1] 梁青龙[1] 雷晓鹏[1] 王树林[1] ZHANG Qian;QI Hong;WANG Yan;FENG Guo-yi;LIN Yong-zeng;LIANG Qing-long;LEI Xiao-peng;WANG Shu-lin(Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area,Ministry of Agriculture,Cotton Research Institute,Hebei Academy of Agriculture an Forestry Science,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院,棉花研究所,农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,石家庄050051

出　　处：《农药》2020年第3期223-225,230,共4页Agrochemicals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2017YFD0201900);河北省农林科学院科学技术研究与发展计划项目(2018070201);河北省农林科学院现代农业科技创新工程项目(F18R2018113279);河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2018040204)。

摘　　要：[目的]为明确植物源杀虫剂对棉蚜的防治效果。[方法]对苦参碱、藜芦碱、印楝素、鱼藤酮、除虫菊素等5种常用植物源杀虫剂进行了田间防治试验。[结果]药后1 d,1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂和0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂表现最好,防效分别达78.10%和71.09%,速效性较强;药后3 d,各药剂处理对苗蚜表现出最佳防治效果,防效由高到低依次为1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂、7.5%鱼藤酮乳油、0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂、0.5%苦参碱水剂、0.3%印楝素乳油,但0.3%印楝素乳油防效显著低于其他4种药剂处理;药后7 d,各药剂处理对苗蚜防效略有下降,但仍对苗蚜有较好的控制作用,除0.3%印楝素乳油外,其他4种药剂防效均高于60.00%;药后14 d,0.3%印楝素乳油防效较之前升高,其他各药剂处理防效下降,0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂和0.5%苦参碱水剂防效分别保持在50.45%和44.24%。药后14 d,施药区与对照区的捕食性瓢虫种群数量不存在显著差异,均显著高于化学杀虫剂处理。[结论]印楝素对苗蚜防效较低,除虫菊素、藜芦碱、鱼藤酮、苦参碱等4种植物源杀虫剂有效控制了棉蚜种群数量,同时对天敌安全性较高,可作为苗期棉蚜的防治药剂。[Aims] This study aims to clarify the control effects of botanical insecticides on cotton seeding aphids.[Methods] The field trials were carried out on five common botanical insecticides on aphidsh, such as matrine, veratrine,azadirachtin, rotenone and pyrethrins. [Results ] Pyrethrins 1.5% EW and veratrine 0.5% SL showed the best efficiency after 1 day after spraying, with control effect of 78.10 and 71.09% respectively, and with strong rapid effect. After3 days after spraying, the control effects ranked from high to low was pyrethrins 1.5% EW, rotenone 7.5% EC,veratrine 0.5% SL, matrine 0.5% AS, azadirachtin 0.3% EC, but the control effect of azadirachtin 0.3% EC was significantly lower than that of the other four botanical insecticides. After 7 days after treatment, the control effect of each treatment slightly decreased, but still had a good control effect on the aphid, in addition to azadirachtin 0.3% EC,the control effect of the other four insecticides were higher than 60.00%. After 14 days after treatment, the control effect of azadirachtin 0.3% EC was higher than before, and the control effect of the other botanical insecticides decreased. The control effects of veratrine 0.5% SL and matrine 0.5% AS were kept at 50.45 and 44.24%, respectively. At the seedling stage, the application of botanical insecticides effectively controlled the population of cotton aphids, and had a high safety to natural enemies. There was no significant difference in the number of predatory ladybeetles population between the application and control treatment after 14 days after spraying pesticides, which were significantly higher than the chemical insecticide treatment. [Conclusions ] Azadirachtin has a low control effect on aphid, four kinds of botanical insecticides can be used as control agent for aphid in seedling stage, such as pyrethrins, veratrine, rotenone and matrine, which can effectively control the population of seeding aphids, and has a high safety to natural enemies.

关 键 词：植物源杀虫剂 苗蚜 防治效果 瓢虫 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学]