考虑人因可靠性的安全仪表功能SIL验证方法研究  

Study on verification method of safety integrity level (SIL) for safety instrumented function considering human reliability

作　　者：岑康 张翌东 黄夏雨 孟堃 王磊 岑强 CEN Kang;ZHANG Yidong;HUANG Xiayu;MENG Kun;WANG Lei;CEN Qiang(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu Sichuan 610500,China;Chengdu Xindu Towngas China Company Limited,Chengdu Sichuan 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学土木工程与建筑学院,四川成都610500 [2]成都新都港华燃气有限公司,四川成都610500

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2020年第3期31-36,共6页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：国家安全生产监督管理总局安全生产重大事故防治关键技术项目(Sichuan-0021-2016AQ);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201810615003)。

摘　　要：油气站场一般设置有紧急停车系统(ESD)等存在操作员介入的非常规安全仪表功能(SIF),为解决已有的安全完整性等级(SIL)评估方法不能针对此类SIF进行功能安全评价的情况。对存在操作员介入的非常规SIF进行研究,将其中的人为因素细分为观察、决策和执行3个阶段;根据各类人因可靠性分析方法优缺点,筛选CREAM和HCR方法分别分析紧急情景环境和应急响应时间对非常规SIF人因失效概率的影响,建立考虑人因可靠性的SIL验证模型;基于此模型选取某输油站典型SIF开展SIL评估,分析人因失效对SIF整体可靠性的影响水平,并提出改善措施。结果表明:将操作员应急响应过程中的人因失效概率引入传统的SIL验证模型中,可实现对非常规SIF的功能安全评价;人因失效对非常规SIF具有显著影响,筛选的人因可靠性模型可准确计算人因失效概率。The oil and gas stations generally have the unconventional safety instrumented functions(SIF) with the intervention from operators,e.g.,the emergency shutdown(ESD) system.In order to solve the problem that the existing evaluation methods of safety integrity level(SIL) could not conduct the functional safety evaluation on this type of SIF,the unconventional SIFs with the operator’s intervention were studied,and the human factors were subdivided into three stages,i.e.,observation,decision-making and execution.According to the advantages and disadvantages of various human reliability analysis methods,the cognitive reliability and error analysis method(CREAM) and the human cognitive reliability(HCR) method were selected to analyze the impact of emergency scenario environment and emergency response time on the probabilities of human failure for the unconventional SIFs,and a SIL verification model considering the human reliability was established.The SIL of a typical SIF in an oil terminal station was evaluated by using the new model proposed in the paper,then the influence level of the human failure on the overall reliability of SIF was analyzed,and the corresponding improvement measures were proposed.The results showed that the functional safety evaluation of unconventional SIFs could be realized by introducing the probability of human failure in the operator’s emergency response process into the traditional SIL verification model.The human failure played an important role in the unconventional SIF,and the selected human reliability model could accurately reflect the probabilities of human failure.

关 键 词：非常规安全仪表功能 安全完整性等级 验证模型 操作员介入 人因失效概率 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]