基于事故逆向再现的车辆追尾事故仿真分析研究  

Study on simulation analysis of vehicle rear-end accidents based on accident reverse reproduction

作　　者：赵晨[1,2] 方腾源 赵俊玮 刘永涛 ZHAO Chen;FANG Tengyuan;ZHAO Junwei;LIU Yongtao(China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijing 100012,China;School of Automobile,Chang’an University,Xi’an Shaanxi 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]中国安全生产科学研究院,北京100012 [2]长安大学汽车学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2020年第3期157-163,共7页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：中国安全生产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2017JBKY03)。

摘　　要：为认定车辆碰撞事故的性质及责任,动态还原事故发生过程。提出1种逆向事故分析再现方法,经过坐标系旋转后构建确定方程组的车辆碰撞瞬间解析计算模型,并经过实车碰撞实验数据验证其计算精度与三维再现的准确性。利用Crashview软件对1起车辆追尾事故进行仿真分析,解析计算得出车辆碰撞瞬间车速和碰撞前行驶车速,实现事故二维过程重构和三维模拟再现。结果表明:计算分析车速与VDR记录车速误差在5%以内,模拟再现轨迹与事故现场实测痕迹基本吻合,所构建的方法可有效用于车辆追尾碰撞事故辅助分析鉴定,为事故过程分析提供理论依据。In order to identify the nature and responsibility of the vehicle collision accident,and dynamically restore the accident occurrence process,a reverse accident analysis and reproduction method was proposed.A vehicle collision instantaneous analytical calculation model determining the equations was constructed after rotating the coordinate system,and its calculation accuracy and the accuracy of three-dimensional reproduction were verified by using the actual vehicle collision experimental data.Through the simulation analysis of a vehicle rear-end accident by Crashview software,the instantaneous speed of vehicle collision and the driving speed before the collision were analyzed and calculated,then the two-dimensional process reconstruction and three-dimensional simulation reproduction of the accident were realized.The results showed that the error of the calculated and analyzed vehicle speed compared with the VDR recorded speed was within 5%,and the simulated and reproduced trajectory basically coincided with the actual measured traces at the accident scene.The method can be effectively applied in the auxiliary analysis and identification of vehicle rear-end collision accidents,and it provides theoretical basis for the analysis of accident process.

关 键 词：交通安全 追尾事故 逆向再现 Crashview软件 计算仿真 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学] U491.3[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]