重庆不同天气系统短历时设计暴雨雨型比较研究  

Comparative study on short-duration designed storm patterns of different weather systems in Chongqing

作　　者：孙佳[1] 刘晓冉[1] 程炳岩 王颖 柴闯闯 廖代强[1] 龙美希 苏定江 SUN Jia;LIU Xiaoran;CHENG Bingyan;WANG Ying;CHAI Chuangchuang;LIAO Daiqiang;LONG Meixi;SU Dingjiang(Chongqing Climate Center,Chongqing 401147;Chongqing Shelter Institute Of Applied Meteorology,Chongqing 401120;Chongqing Meteorological Observatory,Chongqing 401147;Chongqing Municipal Research Institute of Design,Chongqing 400020)

机构地区：[1]重庆市气候中心,重庆401147 [2]重庆舍特气象应用研究所,重庆401120 [3]重庆市气象台,重庆401147 [4]重庆市市政设计研究院,重庆400020

出　　处：《暴雨灾害》2020年第1期96-101,共6页Torrential Rain and Disasters

基　　金：公益性(气象)科研专项(GYHY201506014);重庆市悦来新城海绵城市建设科研项目(城科字2015第2-10号).

摘　　要：利用重庆主城区沙坪坝国家基本气象站1961—2017年逐分钟降雨资料,根据暴雨成因选取大范围区域暴雨型和局地强对流天气型两类短历时暴雨样本,采用Pilgrim&Cordery法推求设计暴雨雨型,并比较两类天气系统下短历时设计暴雨雨型的差异。结果显示:区域暴雨型样本数占总样本数52.6%,60 min历时单峰型和均匀型占比分别为36.7%和26.7%,120 min历时多为单峰型且峰值在中部,180 min历时雨型主要为峰值在前部的单峰型。而强对流天气型样本数占总样本数的47.4%,短历时雨型基本都为峰值在前部的单峰型。相比区域暴雨型,强对流天气型设计暴雨雨型峰值位置出现较早,峰值强度偏强,降雨累积过程更快。60 min、120 min和180 min峰值分别提前5 min、35 min和20 min,10 a重现期峰值强度分别偏强0.5 mm·min-1、0.9 mm·min^-1和0.9 mm·min^-1。在设计降雨量相同的情况下,强对流天气型平均积水时间更长,积水量更大,导致的内涝问题更突出。In this paper,using 1-minute precipitation data from 1961 to 2017 at the national basic meteorological station of Shapingba in Chongqing,regional and convective designed storm patterns calculated by the method of Pilgrim&Cordery are comparatively studied,which are classified according to weather system.The results show that regional storm samples account for 52.6%.Regional designed storm pattern for 60-minute single-peak pattern and uniform distribution account for 36.7%and 26.7%,respectively.The 120-minute is also single-peak,but the peak was in the middle.The 180-minute is single-peak and the peak is in the front.The convective storm samples account for 47.4%.The Short-duration convective designed storm patterns are mainly single-peak and the peaks are in the front.By comparison,the convective designed storm pattern’s peak occurs in advance,the intensity is stronger and the rainfall accumulates more quickly.The peak occurs 5 minutes earlier for 60-minute,35 minutes for 120-minute and 20 minutes for 180-minute.Under a 10-year recurrence period,the peak intensity is 0.5 mm·min-1 higher for 60-minute,0.9 mm·min-1 higher for 120-minute and 0.9 mm·min-1 higher for 180-minute.With the same designed rainfall,the convective designed storm pattern results in longer waterlogging time,more accumulated water and more severe flooding.

关 键 词：短历时设计暴雨雨型 区域暴雨 强对流天气 Pilgrim&Cordery法 

分 类 号：P468.024[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]