罗氏沼虾不同群体世代遗传多样性的SSR分析  

SSR analysis on genetic diversity in different populations and generations of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

作　　者：董丁健 戴习林[1,2,3] DONG Ding-jian;DAI Xi-lin(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education(Shanghai Ocean University),Shanghai 201306;Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources(Shanghai Ocean University),Shanghai 201306;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding(Shanghai Ocean University),Shanghai 201306)

机构地区：[1]水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心(上海海洋大学),上海201306 [2]水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室(上海海洋大学),上海201306 [3]水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心(上海海洋大学),上海201306

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第2期421-428,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：上海市虾类产业技术体系建设项目(沪农科产〔2014〕第5号)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确罗氏沼虾不同群体世代的遗传多样性,为其专门化选育系的选育及遗传改良提供参考依据。【方法】利用25对多态性良好的SSR分子标记对罗氏沼虾泰国群体、生长快专门化选育群体和抗病专门化选育群体的不同世代进行遗传多样性分析,并基于遗传距离对其进行聚类分析。【结果】泰国群体3个世代的等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)和多态信息含量(PIC)均呈逐代下降趋势。生长快专门化选育系群体(SA3和SC2)4个世代的Na、Ne、He和PIC整体上呈下降趋势,其中,SA3选育系的PIC从0.3827下降至0.2560,SC2选育系的PIC从0.3877下降至0.2557。抗病专门化选育系群体(KB3和KA2)3个世代的Na、Ne、Ho、He和PIC无明显下降趋势,KB3选育系的PIC从0.2952下降至0.2845,KA2选育系的PIC从0.3721下降至0.2974。除Ho外,泰国群体各项遗传参数均高于同期的生长快专门化选育群体和抗病专门化选育群体,抗病专门化选育系(KB3和KA2)F2世代的各项遗传参数也均高于同期的生长快专门化选育系(SA3和SC2)F3世代。泰国群体与生长快专门化选育群体和抗病专门化选育群体的遗传距离较远,其3个世代独立聚类成一支;生长快专门化选育群体和抗病专门化选育群体的各世代则聚类成另一支。【结论】生长快专门化选育系的选育方向会使某些基因趋于纯合,而抗病专门化选育系的选育方向会使某些基因趋于杂合,因此,在罗氏沼虾专门化品系选育过程中要保证足够的群体数量防止近亲杂交现象发生,或及时引入新的泰国群体对选育群体进行引种复壮。【Objective】This research explored the genetic diversity of different populations at various generations of Macrobrachium rosenbergii,providing a theoretical basis of the breeding and genetic improvement for specialized breeding lines.【Method】The research used 25 pairs of SSR molecular markers with good polymorphism to analyze the genetic diversity of different generations of M. rosenbergii of Thai population,fast-growing population and disease-resistant specialized breeding line population. And cluster analysis was conducted based on genetic distance to study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of different populations and generations of M. rosenbergii.【Result】The results of the Thai population showed a down trend in number of alleles(Na),effective number of alleles(Ne),observed heterozygosity(Ho),expected heterozygosity(He)and polymorphism information content(PIC)of the three generations from generation to generation. The results of fast-growing specialized breeding lines populations(SA3 and SC2)at four generations demonstrated downtrend of Na,Ne,He and PIC,PIC of SA3 line dropped from 0.3827 to 0.2560,SC2 decreased from0.3877 to 0.2557. The results of the specialized disease resistance lines(KB3 ans KA2)did not showed a obviously down trend in Na,Ne,Ho,He and PIC of the three generations from generation to generation. PIC of KB3 decreased from0.2952 to 0.2845,KA2 decreased from 0.3721 to 0.2974. The genetic parameters of the Thai population were higher than those of the fast-growing specialized breeding lines population and disease resistance breeding lines which been bred at the same time,except Ho. Meanwhile,the genetic parameters of F2 generation of disease resistance breeding lines(KB3 and KA2)were higher than those of F3 generation of fast-growing specialized breeding lines(SA3 and SC2)at the same time. The genetic distance of the Thai population was far from the fast-growing specialized breeding lines population and the disease resistance breeding lines population,and the three gene

关 键 词：罗氏沼虾 遗传多样性 泰国群体 专门化选育系 SSR分子标记 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]