从中立到参战:第一次世界大战中的中国政府  

From Neutrality to War: The Chinese Government in World War Ⅰ

作　　者：张华腾[1] Zhang Huateng

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第2期110-121,共12页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA197)。

摘　　要：第一次世界大战的爆发,给中华民族带来了新的危机。日本借日英同盟关系对德宣战,侵占中国山东胶州湾。中国政府为避免和阻止日本的侵略,利用国际法,通过外交关系,采取中立、限制战区等系列措施和主张,均因为日本的反对和阻止失败了。1917年中国政府抓住德国施行潜水艇封锁政策引起国际愤慨之机,毅然对德绝交、宣战,加入协约国一方,具备了战后参加和会,进而收回失去的山东主权、利权的资格。巴黎和会中国代表收回山东主权、利权的要求虽然失败,但中国政府对德宣战,参加巴黎和会,融入国际社会,有着多方面的收获。中国政府从中立到宣战,所做出的一切努力,都是为了国家的主权、利权,中国政府的所为符合国家利益。The outbreak of the World War I brought a new crisis to the Chinese nation. By taking advantage of the Sino-British alliance, Japan declared war on Germany and occupied Jiaozhou Bay in Shandong Province, China. In order to avoid and stop Japan’s aggression, the Chinese government adopted a series of measures and propositions such as neutrality and the limitation of war zones, but they all failed due to Japan’s opposition and hindrance. In 1917, Germany launched unrestricted submarine warfare, which aroused the general indignation of the international community. The Chinese government seized this opportunity, severed diplomatic relations with Germany and declared war on it, and joined the allies. Thus, China achieved the qualification to participate in the Paris Peace Conference after the war, and the opportunity to recover the lost sovereignty and rights of Shandong. Although the request of China’s representative to reclaim Shandong’s sovereignty and rights failed, the Chinese government had multiple benefits from her declaration of war on Germany, such as participating in the Paris Peace Conference and further integration into the international community.All the efforts made by the Chinese government from neutrality to the declaration of war aimed at her national sovereignty and interests. What the Chinese government had done was in line with her national interests.

关 键 词：第一次世界大战 中国政府 巴黎和会 

分 类 号：D693[政治法律—政治学] K258[政治法律—中外政治制度]