有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子萌发特性研究  

Conditions for Germination of Mycogone perniciosa Chlamydospores

作　　者：杜宜新[1] 石妞妞[1] 阮宏椿[1] 甘林[1] 时春喜[2] 陈福如[1] DU Yi-xin;SHI Niu-niu;RUAN Hong-chun;GAN Lin;SHI Chun-xi;CHEN Fu-ru(Institute of Plant Protection,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;Key Laboratory of Northwestern Loess Plateau Crops Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,Yangling,Shannxi 712000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所,福建 福州 350013 [2]西北农林科技大学农业农村部西北黄土高原作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712000

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2020年第1期67-73,共7页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省科技计划公益类专项(2017R1025-10);福建省自然科学基金项目(2019J01103);福建省农业科学院基金培育项目(AGP2018-9);农业农村部西北黄土高原作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室开放基金(KFJJ20190105)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究影响有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子萌发的因素,为进一步开展有害疣孢霉生物学特性研究以及筛选可有效抑制其萌发的杀菌剂提供依据。【方法】在-80℃、-20℃、0℃、4℃、10℃、15℃、20℃和25℃处理有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子,然后25℃培养,测定温度对破除有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子休眠的影响;测定不同培养基、pH值、碳源和氮源对有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子萌发的影响。【结果】0℃、4℃处理12 h、24 h和48 h可破除有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子休眠,促进萌发;适合有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子萌发的pH值为6、7和8,其萌发率分别为8.66%、9.79%和8.40%;有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子在水琼脂培养基(WA)、双孢蘑菇浸出液培养基(MuEA)、双孢蘑菇煎汁培养基(MuDA)、马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(PDA)和V8培养基上的萌发率分别为0.00%、6.38%、8.43%、1.33%和6.23%,在MuDA培养基上萌发率最好,显著优于其他供试培养基;葡萄糖、蔗糖和山梨糖有利于有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子萌发,其萌发率分别为10.77%、9.96%和9.85%;在MuDA培养基中加入脯氨酸、丝氨酸、丙氨酸和鸟氨酸后有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子的萌发率分别为12.32%、13.45%、13.74%和11.64%,显著优于不加氮源的萌发率。【结论】0℃、4℃处理12 h以上可破除有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子的休眠;适合有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子萌发的pH值为6、7和8;MuDA培养基是适宜有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子萌发的培养基;葡萄糖、蔗糖、D-乳糖、山梨糖和D-棉子糖是适宜有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子萌发的碳源;脯氨酸、丝氨酸、丙氨酸和鸟氨酸是适宜有害疣孢霉厚垣孢子萌发的氮源。【Objective】 To identify conditions that facilitate germination of Mycogone perniciosa chlamydospores for further research on effective control of the fungal disease on edible mushrooms.【Method】 Chlamydospores were kept at-80℃,-20℃, 0℃, 4℃, 10℃, 15℃, 20℃ or 25℃ for various durations prior to culture on media at 25℃ to determine the effects of dormancy-breaking temperatures. And effects of varied pHs, culture conditions, carbon source and nitrogen source on the chlamydospores germination were detected.【 Result】 Dormancy of the chlamydospores was broken and germination promoted under 0℃ or 4℃ for 12 h, 24 h or 48 h. pH 6, 7 and 8 were conducive to the spore germination at the rates of 8.66%,9.79%, and 8.40%, respectively. The germination rate varied according to the medium the spores grew on. It was 0.00% on WA, 6.38% on MuEA, 8.43% on MuDA, 1.33% on PDA, and 6.23% on V8. Thus, MuDA appeared significantly better than other media tested in this study. The chlamydospores showed a germination rate of 10.77% with glucose, 9.96% with sucrose or9.85% with sorbose in the medium, indicating a significantly advantage of the presence of a carbon source. In so far as nitrogen is concerned, the addition of proline in MuDA delivered a 12.32% germination rate, serine 13.45%, alanine 13.74%, and ornithine 11.64%, which were significantly improved over control without the addition. 【 Conclusion】 By keeping M.perniciosa chlamydospores at 0℃ or 4℃ for more than 12 h could break the spore dormancy. On MuDA of pH 6, 7 or 8, the chlamydospores germinated well. With the presences of glucose, sucrose, D-lactose, sorbic sugar or D-raffinose as carbon source and L-proline, L-serline, L-alanine or L-qrnithine as nitrogen source, the spore germination was further enhanced.

关 键 词：有害疣孢霉 厚垣孢子 萌发 双孢蘑菇 

分 类 号：S435.111.41[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]