一起奶牛有机磷农药中毒的治疗体会  

Experience on the Treatment of a Case of Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning in Dairy Cattle

作　　者：王六合[1] 马晓燕 马倩若 马卫平[1] 李爱巧[1] 王涛[1] WANG Liu-he;MA Xiao-yan;MA Qian-ruo;MA Wei-ping;LI Ai-qiao;WANG Tao(Urumqi Centre of Animal Disease Control and Diagnosis in Xinjiang,Urumqi 830063,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Midong District Urumqi,Urumqi 830000,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Gaoxin District(Xinshi District)of Urumqi,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆乌鲁木齐市动物疾病控制与诊断中心,乌鲁木齐830063 [2]新疆乌鲁木齐市米东区畜牧兽医站,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]新疆乌鲁木齐市高新区(新市区)畜牧兽医站,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《草食家畜》2020年第1期36-40,共5页Grass-Feeding Livestock

基　　金：乌鲁木齐市科学技术计划项目“动物布病免疫效果动态研究及综合防控技术推广”(y121220001)。

摘　　要：【目的】有机磷类农药在农业生产中的普遍使用,引起奶牛中毒的事件时有发生,为了指导基层兽医工作者和养殖户科学制定对奶牛有机磷农药中毒病例的治疗方案,提高诊治效果和治愈率,降低错误治疗方案带来的损失。【方法】笔者对一例奶牛有机磷农药中毒病例,运用特效解毒药生理拮抗剂阿托品和胆碱酯酶复活剂解磷定及中枢兴奋药安钠咖强心、利尿的方法进行救治。【结果】奶牛有机磷农药中毒,体内的胆碱酯酶活性受到抑制,从而导致神经生理机能的紊乱。前期运用阿托品和解磷定治疗后,在呼吸困难,心率加快的情况下,再经安钠咖强心、利尿后,奶牛发生急性死亡。【结论】奶牛有机磷农药中毒出现肺水肿,使机体血氧饱和度下降,造成心肌缺氧,脑缺氧,此时使用中枢兴奋剂心脑活动加强,耗氧量剧增,心肌缺氧和脑缺氧进一步加重,导致出现心脑衰竭、心脑缺氧的恶性循环,最终直到死亡。奶牛有机磷农药中毒,在呼吸困难,心率加快,脉搏增数的情况下,禁止使用中枢兴奋药强心、利尿。[Objective] Organophosphate agrochemical has been widely used in agricultural production, but the poisoning events of dairy cows happened occasionally. In order to guide grassroots veterinarians and farmers to scientifically formulate treatment schemes for cows’ organic phosphorus poisoning cases, improve the diagnosis and treatment effects and cure rate, so as to reduce the loss brought. [Methods] Such a poisoning case was treated by use of atropine(a kind of physiological antagonist and antidote), pralidoxime(cholinesterase reactivator) and Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate(central stimulants) to strengthen heart and promote diuresis.[Results] With organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, cow’s cholinesterase activity was inhibited which resulted in neurophysiological disorder. After the early treatment with atropine and pralidoxime, the cow showed dyspnea and cardiac acceleration, and then suffered acute death after using Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate. [Conclusion] In short, organophosphorus pesticide poisoning caused pneumonedema, which made a reduction in blood oxygen saturation of the body, and in turn resulted in myocardial ischemia and brain hypoxia. In the meantime, the central stimulants increased cardio-brain activities as well as the oxygen consumption, hence myocardial ischemia and brain hypoxia were further aggravated, leading to a vicious cycle of failure and hypoxia of heart and brain, and finally the cow died. As a conclusion, the use of central stimulants is strictly prohibited in treatment of cows’ organic phosphorus poisoning in the case of dyspnea,increased heart rate and increased pulse.

关 键 词：奶牛 有机磷农药 中毒 诊治 强心 

分 类 号：S858.23[农业科学—临床兽医学]