美国海岸带综合地质调查进展及其对中国海岸带研究的启示  

A review on Coastal and Marine Geology Program of U.S.Geological Survey and some suggestions on coastal studies in China

作　　者：杜晓敏 周平[2] 常勇 郑人瑞 夏烨[1] DU Xiaomin;ZHOU Ping;CHANG Yong;ZHENG Renrui;XIA Ye(Development and Research Center of China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China;China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China;China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100034,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037 [2]中国地质调查局,北京100037 [3]中国石油国际勘探开发有限公司,北京100034

出　　处：《地质通报》2020年第2期414-423,共10页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目《地质调查中长期发展动力与方向研究》(编号:DD20190462)和《重点区国土空间用途管制变化监测与核查》(编号:DD20190704).

摘　　要：美国地质调查局立足于地球系统科学专长,于1994年起领导并实施了国家海岸带和海洋地质计划(CMGP),旨在为海岸带繁荣提供地球科学信息和解决方案。CMGP统筹海陆,在实践中形成了“整合科学”的研究模式,以及“全国统筹规划,聚焦区域需求,湾区河口先导”的空间发展格局。CMGP结合问题导向和兴趣导向调整工作重点,聚焦五项科学需求:整合科学、全国统筹、地质过程、变化及灾害、生态服务,形成了相对稳定的四大研究方向。CMGP认为,海岸带问题的解决,需要向内陆扩展,向流域、山脉探寻地质作用根源,为此建立了“海岸省”的概念。借鉴美国地质调查局的经验,对中国海岸带地质研究提出四点建议:一是科学分区,二是湾区先导,三是技术创新,四是支撑修复。U.S.Geological Survey(USGS)occupies a unique niche by providing earth sciences expertise in coastal and marine researches.Since 1994,USGS has organized and implemented the National Coastal and Marine Geology Program(CMGP)by delivering geo-sciences information and solutions.For addressing the challenges,CMGP has coordinated the marine and the land,practiced integrated sciences,and forged a research pattern that aims at establishing the national framework,focusing on regional requirements,and initiating with pilot projects in bay areas and estuaries.Facing five major scientific problems,i.e.,integrated sciences,national framework,geological processes,changes and hazards,and ecosystem services,in the coastal and marine research,CMGP has formed four research themes,which combine issues-driven and curiosity-driven researches.CMGP's philosophy for addressing the challenges on the air-sea-land interface is to build a concept of coastal and marine provinces by which researchers could expand the research area landward and could trace the geological processes forming drainage basin and mountains.Learned from successful operations of CMGP,the authors put forward some suggestions for coastal studies in China:considering the geological structure to divide the coastal zone,setting up pilot projects in bay and estuary areas,promoting investigation by using advanced technologies and supporting protection and restoration.

关 键 词：海陆统筹 海岸省 海岸带灾害 整合科学 地球系统科学 

分 类 号：P748[天文地球—海洋科学]