Climatic and anthropogenic factors explain the variability of Fagus sylvatica treeline elevation in fifteen mountain groups across the Apennines  

作　　者：Giuliano Bonanomi Maurizio Zotti Valentina Mogavero Gaspare Cesarano Luigi Saulino Angelo Rita Giulio Tesei Marina Allegrezza Antonio Saracino Emilia Allevato 

机构地区：[1]Dipartimento di Agraria,Universitàdi Napoli Federico Ⅱ,via Università100,80055 Portici,NA,Italy [2]Scuola di Scienze Agrarie,Forestali,Alimentari e Ambientali,Universitàdella Basilicata,Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10,85100 Potenza,Italy [3]Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie,Alimentari e Ambientali,UniversitàPolitecnica delle Marche,via Brecce Bianche,60100 Ancona,Italy.

出　　处：《Forest Ecosystems》2020年第1期51-63,共13页森林生态系统（英文版）

基　　金：partially supported by the Ph D programme at the ‘School of Agricultural and Food Sciences’ granted to VM and MZ, in the Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico Ⅱ.

摘　　要：Background:Fagus sylvatica forms the treeline across the Apennines mountain range,with an average elevation of 1589 ma.s.l.Previous studies evidenced that the current position of the treeline in the Apennines is heavily depressed as a result of a complex interaction between climatic factors and the past human pressure.In this study we correlated treeline elevation in the fifteen major mountain groups in the Apennines with selected climatic,geomorphological,and human disturbance variables in order to investigate in detail the site-specific features affecting the current treeline distribution.Results:Treeline elevation was lowest in the North Italy(Apuan Alps),while the highest treeline was found in Central Italy(Simbruini).An absolute maximum treeline elevation of F.sylvatica exceeding 2000ma.s.l.was found on 13 mountain peaks in Central and Southern Italy.Noteworthy,treeline elevation was largely lower on warmer south-facing slopes compared to northern slopes,with values several hundred meters lower in the Gran Sasso and Velino-Sirente.Although the causes of this pattern are still unknown,we argue that treeline elevation on southfacing slopes may be limited by the combination of climatic constraints(i.e.summer drought)and human disturbance.Evidence of a pervasive anthropogenic effect depressing treeline elevation was found in the North(Apuan Alps)Central(Gran Sasso,Velino-Sirente,Sibillini)and Southern part of Apennines(Pollino).By contrast,treeline elevation of the Laga,Simbruini,and Orsomarso mountain groups appears less affected by past anthropogenic disturbance.Finally,we recorded in the several mountain groups(i.e.Majella,Marsicani and Pollino)the coexistence of very depressed treelines just a few kilometers away from much higher treelines,among the highest ever recorded for F.sylvatica.Conclusions:Finally,we argue that F.sylvatica treeline across the Apennines is locally shaped both by the interaction of low temperatures experienced by the species in its earliest life stages in snow-free open spaces with su

关 键 词：ANTHROPOGENIC impact Latitudinal gradient Mean annual TEMPERATURE Population density Summer drought Winter TEMPERATURE 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]