多巴胺对昆虫生殖的调控  

Dopamine regulation of reproduction in insects

作　　者：姜宏健 刘曙雯 嵇保中 王怡 熊佳新 JIANG HongJian;LIU ShuWen;JI BaoZhong;WANG Yi;XIONG JiaXin(Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;The Administration Bureau of Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京210037 [2]南京中山陵园管理局,南京210014

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2020年第3期296-310,共15页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心资助项目、高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(批准号:20123204110001);江苏省自然科学基金(批准号:BK2012816);南京市城乡建设委员会、中山陵园管理局资助课题(批准号:201409);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(批准号:CX(16)1005)资助。

摘　　要：多巴胺(dopamine, DA)可以调节昆虫的生殖行为,促进昆虫生殖系统的成熟发育.雄性果蝇(Drosophila)性行为受脑后外侧多巴胺能神经元(PPL2ab)调节,这些神经元的DA合成能力影响雄虫之间以及雌雄之间的求偶行为.果蝇雄成虫脑内DA含量影响性取向, DA水平过高或过低都会诱发雄性果蝇之间的同性求偶行为. DA还参与昆虫生殖行为转变和交配后行为的调节. DA可以作为神经激素,调节昆虫的味觉和嗅觉感受,中枢神经系统内DA对昆虫生殖行为的调节涉及多巴胺/蜕皮激素受体(DopEcR)和蜕皮酮的协同作用,果蝇后脑P1神经元在雄虫求偶信息回路中发挥重要作用. DA可以促进卵成熟发育,调节社会性昆虫生殖状态.对卵成熟发育的促进与DA受体表达的发育阶段性差异有关,并涉及DA、章鱼胺(octopamine, OA)、保幼激素(juvenile hormone, JH)、蜕皮激素(molting hormone, MH)之间的相互作用.黑腹果蝇幼龄雌虫咽侧体(corpus allatum, CA)内多巴胺D2型受体(DD2R)表达水平远低于性成熟雌虫,多巴胺D1型受体(DopR)表达水平远高于成熟雌虫,而DD2R在性成熟雌虫咽侧体内的表达水平远高于幼龄雌虫. DopR, DD2R在脂肪体细胞中的表达情况与CA相反. DA, JH, MH, OA之间的互作通过对相关基因表达和代谢酶活性调节实现.上述激素间的互作还涉及类胰岛素(insulin-like peptides, ILPs)及其信号途径.蜜蜂工蜂的生殖状态受蜂王上颚信息素(queen’s mandibular gland pheromone, QMP)、幼虫信息素、卵巢D2型受体基因的调节. DA对昆虫生殖调控的研究,可以为新药剂开发以及人类脑科学和神经系统疾病机制研究提供参考.Dopamine(DA) regulates reproductive behavior and promotes maturation of the reproductive system in insects. In Drosophila, male courtship behavior is regulated by the protocerebral posteriolateral dopaminergic cluster neuron 2 ab(PPL2 ab). The ability to synthesize DA in the PPL2 ab affects male-male and male-female courtship behavior. The DA level in the brain of adult male Drosophila influences sexual orientation;although, male-male courtship is induced when the DA level is too high or too low. DA also regulates changes in reproductive behavior and post-copulation behavior. As a neurohormone, DA regulates taste and smell perception in insects. In the central nervous system, DA regulation of reproductive behavior involves the DA/MH(molting hormone)receptor(Dop Ec R) and synergy between DA and ecdysone, with the tritocerebrum P1 neurons playing an important role in the male courtship information loop. DA can promote development in the eggs and regulate the reproductive state in social insects. The promotional effect of DA on egg development involves developmental stage differences in DA receptor expression and interactions among DA, juvenile hormone(JH), MH, and octopamine(OA). For example, the expression level of dopamine D2-like receptor(DD2 R) in the corpora allata of D. melanogaster young females is far lower than that in sexually mature females. Meanwhile, the expression level of dopamine D1-like receptor(Dop R) in young females is much higher than that in mature females. By contrast, the expression of Dop R and DD2 R in the fat body is the opposite to that in the corpora allata. The interactions among DA, JH, MH, and OA depend on the expression of certain genes and regulation of metabolic enzyme activity. In addition, the interactions among different hormones also involve the insulin-like signaling(ILPs) pathway. As to reproductive state regulation in social insects, it has been found that the reproductive state of worker bees is regulated by queen mandibular pheromone(QMP), larvae pheromones, and the ovari

关 键 词：多巴胺 昆虫 生殖行为 促性腺作用 激素互作 

分 类 号：Q963[生物学—昆虫学]