中国九市七岁以下儿童生长迟缓状况调查研究  

Survey on the stunting of children under seven years of age in nine cities of China

作　　者：张亚钦[1] 李辉[1] 武华红[1] 宗心南[1] 李一辰[2] 李佳 相晓妹 张晶 童梅玲[6] 曹中强[7] 林穗方 陈为 朱克[10] Zhang Yaqin;Li Hui;Wu Huahong;Zong Xinnan;Li Yichen;Li Jia;Xiang Xiaomei;Zhang Jing;Tong Meiling;Cao Zhongqiang;Lin Suifang;Chen Wei;Zhu Ke(Department of Growth and Development,Capital Institute of Pediatrics,Beijing 100020,China;Department of Child Health Care,Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Beijing 100026,China;Department of Child Health Care,Harbin Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Harbin 150010,China;Department of Primary Child Health Care,Xi′an Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Xi′an 710002,China;Department of Child Health Care,Shanghai Maternal and Child Health Care Center,Shanghai 200062,China;Department of Child Health Care,Women′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210004,China;Department of Maternal and Child Health,Wuhan Children′s Hospital(Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital),Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science&Technology,Wuhan 430015,China;Department of Child Health Care,Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center,Guangzhou 510623,China;Department of Child Health Care,Fuzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Fuzhou 350005,China;Department of Child Health Care,Kunming City Maternal and Child Health Hospital(Kunming Municipal Service Center for Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning),Kunming 650000,China)

机构地区：[1]首都儿科研究所生长发育研究室,北京100020 [2]北京妇幼保健院儿童保健科,100026 [3]哈尔滨市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心儿童保健科,150010 [4]西安市妇幼保健院基层保健科,710002 [5]上海市妇幼保健中心儿童保健科,200062 [6]南京医科大学附属妇产医院儿童保健科,210004 [7]华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉儿童医院武汉市妇幼保健院妇女儿童健康研究所,430015 [8]广州市妇女儿童医疗中心儿保部,510623 [9]福州市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,350005 [10]昆明市妇幼保健院昆明市妇幼健康服务中心儿童保健科,650000

出　　处：《中华儿科杂志》2020年第3期194-198,199,200,共7页Chinese Journal of Pediatrics

基　　金：国家卫生计生委妇幼健康服务司委托项目(2015-42)。

摘　　要：目的调查分析中国9个城市(简称九市)7岁以下儿童生长迟缓的发生情况。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,于2016年6—11月在北京、哈尔滨、西安(北片),上海、南京、武汉(中片),广州、福州、昆明(南片)九市对7岁以下的110499名儿童体格生长情况进行横断面调查。以2009年中国儿童生长标准为参照,身高低于同性别同年龄身高标准第3百分位判定为生长迟缓,位于第3~10百分位判定为身高偏矮。检出率按性别、地区、年龄等分组,组间生长迟缓检出率比较采用χ2检验。结果九市7岁以下儿童应调查113084名,实际调查110499名,调查率97.7%。生长迟缓总检出率为1.9%(2141/110499);城区低于郊区[1.6%(904/55524)比2.3%(1237/54975),χ2=56.246,P<0.01];男、女差异无统计学意义[1.9%(1121/57921)比1.9%(1020/52578),χ2=0.003,P=0.965];生长迟缓检出率在0~<3岁随年龄略下降[从0~<1岁组1.8%(312/17080)至2~<3岁组1.2%(168/13740)],之后略提高,6~<7岁为2.2%(240/11073)。不同地区比较,南片高于北、中片[城区3.3%(557/16664)比0.9%(193/20374)、0.8%(154/18486),郊区4.7%(769/16276)比1.1%(241/21924)、1.4%(227/16775),χ2=437.736、646.533,P均<0.01];而城区北、中片差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.429,P=0.232),郊区中片略高于北片(χ2=5.130,P=0.024)。九市中广州市生长迟缓率最高(6.1%,613/10019),各城市比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=1559.64,P<0.01)。生长迟缓程度构成显示以临界和轻度为主(78.4%,1679/2141),重度较少(7.2%,154/2141)。身高偏矮儿童检出率为5.2%(5721/110499)。结论九市7岁以下儿童生长迟缓处于较低流行状态,且检出生长迟缓儿童多为轻度。生长迟缓检出率郊区高于城区,男女差别不明显,南片地区高于北、中片地区。Objective To survey the children under 7 years of age in nine cities of China for a better understanding of the current situation of childhood stunting.Methods According to a stratified cluster sampling design,a cross-sectional survey on children under 7 years of age was carried out in 9 cities(Beijing,Harbin and Xi′an in northern China;Shanghai,Nanjing and Wuhan in central China;and Guangzhou,Fuzhou and Kunming in southern China)from June to November in 2016.A total of 110499 children were recruited.Height of children was evaluated using the growth standards for Chinese children(2009 edition).Children with height less than the 3rd percentile of the growth standards were considered as stunting,and children with height between the 3rd and 10th percentiles of the growth standards were considered as relatively short stature.Chi-square test was used for comparison between data of boys and girls,urban and suburban,as well as among different ages and regions.Results Totally 113084 children under 7 years of age should be investigated and actually 110499 children were investigated,with a rate of 97.7%.The prevalence of stunting was 1.9%(2141/110499)among all the children.The prevalence of stunting in urban children(1.6%,904/55524)was lower than that in suburban children(2.3%,1237/54975,χ2=56.246,P<0.01).The gender difference in stunting prevalence was not statistically significant(1.9%(1121/57921)in boys and 1.9%(1020/52578)in girls,χ2=0.003,P=0.965).The prevalence of stunting decreased with age for children younger than 3 years,from 1.8%(312/17080)in 0-<1 year of age group to 1.2%(168/13740)in 2-<3 years of age group,but increased to 2.2%(240/11073)at 6-<7 years group.Comparison among different regions showed that the stunting prevalence in southern region was higher than those in the central and northern regions(0.9%(193/20374)in northern urban,0.8%(154/18486)in central urban,and 3.3%(557/16664)in southern urban children),showing a statistical significance(χ2=437.736,P<0.01);1.1%(241/21924)in northern suburban,1.4

关 键 词：儿童 生长 生长迟缓 检出率 

分 类 号：R1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]