中东欧政治转轨30年——对转轨进展的观察与思考  

The Political Transition of Central and Eastern European Countries in 30 Years:Observations and Reflections on the Transition Progress

作　　者：高歌[1] Gao Ge

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2020年第2期83-94,156,157,共14页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

摘　　要：中东欧国家政治转轨指的是国体上向资本主义、政体上向西方民主政体的转轨。国体转轨随东欧剧变结束而完成,政体转轨则需要更长的时间。根据不同的评估标准,对政体转轨的进展可作出既大体相似又不尽相同的判断。经济转轨、外交转轨和新独立国家的国家构建与政治转轨同时进行,直接作用于政治转轨进程。经济转轨与政治转轨呈现正相关关系。外交转轨对政治转轨发挥明显的导向和驱动作用。国家构建作为政治转轨的前提条件,影响了转轨进度。实行了40余年的社会主义制度乃至之前更久远的历史沿革则构成了政治转轨的底色,具有更为深远的意义。The political transition of Central and Eastern European countries refers to the transition of state system to capitalism and transition of political system to western democracy.The transition of the state system was completed with the end of the upheaval in Eastern Europe but the transition of the political system would take longer.In terms of different evaluation criteria,the progress of the political transition can be judged in different ways.Economic transition,diplomatic transition,and the state-building of the newly independent state are carried out simultaneously with the political transition and thus affect the political transition process a lot.Specifically,there is a positive correlation between economic transition and political transition.Diplomatic transition plays a clear guiding and driving role in political transition.State building,as a prerequisite for political transition,has also affected the transitional progress.The socialist system in more than 40 years and the previous history underlie the current transition in these countries.

关 键 词：中东欧 政治转轨 经济转轨 回归欧洲 国家构建 

分 类 号：D815.4[政治法律—国际关系]