乌鲁木齐市土地利用景观格局变化及生态安全分析  

Analysis on landscape pattern change and ecological security of land use in Urumqi

作　　者：朱亚楠 蒲春玲[2] ZHU Yanan;PU Chunling(School of management of Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Research Center for Economic and Social Development,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学管理学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学经济社会发展研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《生态科学》2020年第2期133-144,共12页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(14XGL005);国家社会科学基金项目(08BJY061)。

摘　　要：通过对乌鲁木齐市1990—2017年间的土地利用景观格局时空变化特征以及生态安全进行分析,以乌鲁木齐市1990、2000、2010和2017年4期的遥感影像作为数据源,借助ERDAS和ArcGIS软件对4期遥感图像进行解译分析,并通过FRAGSTAT软件分析得出乌鲁木齐市景观格局指数,结合景观生态学的理论,分析得出乌鲁木齐市土地利用、景观格局及生态安全变化情况。结果表明:(1)乌鲁木齐市土地利用/覆被发生较为明显的变化,草地景观占主导地位,面积占土地利用总面积的56.22%,但是草地景观的优势度逐渐降低,未利用地面积仅次于草地,占土地利用总面积的28.84%。与此同时,景观之间以耕地、林地和草地景观转出和建设用地和未利用地景观的转入为主;(2)乌鲁木齐市整体土地利用变化速度逐渐加快,由3.13%上升至6.57%,同时土地利用程度由1990年的226.53上升至2017年的235.08,说明人类活动对土地生态系统影响逐渐加深;(3)乌鲁木齐市景观格局变化明显,受人类干扰程度加强,景观破碎化程度逐渐加深,景观斑块更加不规则和复杂化,景观多样性和结构的不稳定性逐渐增加;(4)乌鲁木齐市生态安全度由1990年的0.56下降至2017年的0.48,说明城市生态脆弱性逐渐加深。该研究结果对乌鲁木齐市未来的土地合理利用,景观格局优化以及城市生态建设和可持续发展提供一定的参考。Based on the analysis of the spatial and temporal changes of land use landscape pattern and ecological security in Urumqi from 1990 to 2017,using the remote sensing images of Urumqi in 1990,2000,2010 and 2017 as the data source,the remote sensing images of Urumqi were interpreted and analyzed by ERDAS and ArcGIS software,and the landscape pattern index of Urumqi was obtained by FRAGSTAT software.Combined with the theory of landscape ecology,the changes of land use,landscape pattern and ecological security in Urumqi were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The land use/cover change was obvious in Urumqi;the grassland landscape was dominant,accounting for 56.22%of the total land use area,but the dominance of grassland landscape decreased gradually;the unused land area was second only to grassland,accounting for 28.84%of the total land use area.At the same time,the transfer of cultivated land,woodland and grassland landscape and the transfer of construction land and unused land landscape were the main landscape types.(2)The change rate of land use in Urumqi was gradually accelerated from 3.13%to 6.57%,and the degree of land use was increased from 226.53 in 1990 to 235.08 in 2017,which indicated that the impact of human activities on land ecosystem was gradually deepened.(3)The change of landscape pattern in Urumqi was obvious,the degree of landscape fragmentation was gradually deepened,the landscape patches were more irregular and complicated,and the diversity and instability of landscape structure were gradually increased.(4)The ecological security degree of Urumqi decreased from 0.56 in 1990 to 0.48 in 2017,which indicated that the ecological vulnerability of Urumqi was gradually deepened.The results of this study will provide some reference for the future rational land use,landscape pattern optimization,urban ecological construction and sustainable development in Urumqi.

关 键 词：土地利用 景观格局 生态安全 乌鲁木齐 

分 类 号：S731.2[农业科学—林学]