空气污染暴露与体育活动:如何保障健康  

Air Pollution Exposure and Exercise:How to Protect Health

作　　者：覃飞 徐旻霄[2] 瞿超艺[2] 王中玮 范峥峥[2] 董亚南 赵杰修 QIN Fei;XU Mingxiao;QU Chaoyi;WANG Zhongwei;FAN Zhengzheng;DONG Yanan;ZHAO Jiexiu(Jinan University,Guangzhou 510032,China;China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Changzhou Research Institute of Science and Medical Treatment,Changzhou 213013,China;Beijing Institute of Sports Science,Beijing 100075,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学体育学院,广东广州510032 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [3]常州市体育医疗科研所,江苏常州213013 [4]北京市体育科学研究所,北京100075

出　　处：《体育科学》2020年第2期58-69,共12页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31900845);国家自然科学基金面上项目(11775059);中国博士后科学基金第11批特别资助项目(2018T110076);国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费(基本18-02)。

摘　　要：空气污染物是严重威胁人类健康的风险因子之一,长期空气污染暴露可导致心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、神经系统损伤和癌症等多种疾病。已有研究表明,在高浓度颗粒物污染下运动可导致呼吸系统和心血管组织炎症、功能下降,并影响运动机能。也有研究表明,长期规律性的运动健身产生的有益效应可抵抗颗粒物造成的机体损害,即“运动促进健康”和“空气污染危害健康”两者之间可能存在着一个平衡点。如何在空气污染环境中科学安全的运动健身,成为学者和大众共同关注的问题。从“空气污染对机体健康的危害”“空气污染对运动人群健康和运动能力的影响”“运动训练对空气污染所致健康损害的抵抗效应”“运动抵抗空气污染所致健康损害的相关机制”“空气污染环境下运动的保护措施”5个方面对国内外已发表的相关流行病学调查及实验研究进行总结与归纳。在此基础上,提出运动抵抗污染物所致机体损害的机制探索、空气污染环境下运动的安全阈值范围确定、运动健身环境污染预警机制的建立等,将是本研究领域具有重要科学与现实意义的研究选题和进一步的研究重点。Air pollutant is one of the risk factors that seriously threaten human health.Studies indicated that long-term air pollution exposure could induce cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,nervous system damage and cancer,etc.Recent studies showed that doing exercise under air pollution with high concentration of particulate matter would cause the inflammation of respiratory and cardiovascular tissues,and degrade exercise performance.However,some research proved that the beneficial effects of long-term regular exercise can resist the health damage caused by particulate matter.Therefore,there may be a balance between“exercises promotes health”and“air pollution threatens health”.There is a common concern in general people and scholars:How can we exercise scientifically and safely under air pollution?This review summarized the following topics:The health hazards of air pollution,the influence of air pollution on health and exercise performance,the effects and mechanism of exercise in resisting the health damage induced by air pollution,and the protective consideration for exercising in the air pollution environment.Moreover,this review proposed the following directions for the furtherThe mechanism of exercise resisting health damage induced by air pollutants,the safe threshold of exercise in air pollution environment,and the warning system of air quality for physical activity.

关 键 词：空气污染 运动 健康 保护机制 

分 类 号：G804.7[文化科学—运动人体科学]