杂交水稻重要亲本农艺性状配合力遗传力分析  

Analysis on Combining Ability and Heritability in Agronomic Traits of Key Parents of Hybrid rice

作　　者：刘倩 张国豪 车万均 肖瑶 张杰[1] 胡运高[1] LIU Qian;ZHANG Guohao;CHE Wanjun;XIAO Yao;ZHANG Jie;HU Yungao(Institute of Rice Research,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 612010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学水稻研究所,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2020年第1期1-8,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S201910619104);国家重大研发计划项目(2017YFD0100201,2017YFD0100206);四川省水稻育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0028)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析杂交水稻常用的4个优质骨干不育系和5个骨干恢复系在农艺性状上的配合力和遗传力。【方法】选用生产上常用的骨干不育系、恢复系配制不完全双列杂交组合,对后代的产量性状和粒形性状进行统计并进行遗传力和配合力分析。【结果】杂交水稻产量的狭义遗传力小于50%且与广义遗传力的差值较大,受非加性效应影响较大,易受环境因素影响;穗着粒数和有效穗数对产量影响较大,如宜香1A产量GCA效应值为8.02、穗着粒数GCA效应值为1.47,西科恢4761产量GCA效应值为8.37、有效穗数GCA效应值为8.74;粒形受加性效应影响较大,且恢复系影响大于不育系,其中长宽比和粒长的恢复系亲本方差贡献率分别为89.68%、63.75%,不育系和恢复系亲本对粒宽的方差贡献率皆为40.68%,粒长和长宽比大的组合其粒形更长。【结论】配置长粒形的杂交组合可选择粒长和长宽比一般遗传力高的亲本尤其是恢复系,改善产量可选择在穗着粒数和有效穗数上一般遗传力高的亲本。研究获得了一个在水稻粒形上的Ⅰ类亲本雅恢2115,可用于配粒形大而饱满的组合;验证了一个粒形大而饱满的杂交组合宜香1A/雅恢2115,一个高产量的杂交组合宜香1A/蜀恢498。【Objective】The combining ability and heritability of four premium backbone sterility lines and five main restorer lines in agronomic characters of hybrid rice were analyzed.【Method】Four backbone sterile lines and five backbone restorer lines in common production were selected for incomplete diallel cross,and the yield and grain shape traits of the offspring were analyzed statistically to dissect the combining ability and heritability.【Result】The results indicate that the narrow-sense heritability of yield of hybrid rice was less than 50%and there was great difference between it and the broadsense heritability.The yield was greatly affected by non-additive effect and easily affected by environmental factors.The spikelets panicle and effective panicle had significant effects on yield.The GCA effect value of yield of Yixiang 1A was 8.02,and the GCA effect value of spikelet panicle was 1.47.The yield GCA effect value of Xikehui 4761 was 8.37 and the GCA effect value of effective panicle was 8.74.The grain shape was greatly affected by additive effect,and the effect of restorer lines was greater than that of sterile lines.The variance contribution rates of parents of restorer lines with length-width and grain length were 89.68%and 63.75%,and the variance contribution rate of parents of sterile lines and restorer lines to grain width both were 40.68%.Combinations with larger grain length and length-width ratio had longer grain shapes.【Conclusion】The parents with high general heritability in grain length and length-width ratio,especially for restorers,should be selected for long grain shape hybrid combinations.The parents with high heritability in number of grain spikelets and effective spike number should be selected to increase yield.“Yahui 2115”,a Class I parent on rice grain shape was obtained in the study,which could be used to match a combination of large and full grain shape.A large and plump combination of Yixiang 1A/Yahui 2115 and a high-yield hybrid combination Yixiang 1A/Shuhui 498 were ve

关 键 词：配合力 杂交水稻 稻米粒形 不完全双列杂交 不育系 恢复系 

分 类 号：S511.032[农业科学—作物学]