水稻抗白叶枯病Ⅴ型菌xa5基因利用现状及前景  

Utilization Situation and Prospect of Gene xa5 Against Pathotype Ⅴ of Rice Bacterial Blight

作　　者：成太辉 陈深[2] 杨健源[2] 朱小源[2] 伍圣远[2] 洪启金 曾列先[2] CHENG Taihui;CHEN Shen;YANG Jianyuan;ZHU Xiaoyyuan;WU Shengyuan;HONG Qijin;ZENG Liexian(Agricultural Science Research Institute of Panyu Region,Guangzhou 511450,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市番禺区农业科学研究所,广东广州511450 [2]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2020年第1期92-97,共6页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303015);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-24,2019KJ105);广东省科技计划项目(2015A020210081);广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项资金(R2016PY-JX005,R2016PY-QY009)。

摘　　要：近年,水稻白叶枯病强毒菌系Ⅴ型菌在华南稻区快速发展,已上升为优势种群,并向浙江、江苏等南方稻区蔓延。在Ⅴ型菌重发稻区水稻品种普遍发病较重,对水稻生产威胁很大,加强抗病品种的选育和推广刻不容缓。防治水稻白叶枯病最经济有效的措施是利用抗病基因培育抗病品种推广种植。广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所与广州市番禺区农业科学研究所合作,利用携带抗Ⅴ型菌隐性基因xa5的国际水稻品种IRBB5,结合稻瘟病抗源,应用杂交、复交、系谱选育和抗病性同步鉴定等方法,先后选育出抗白叶枯病强毒菌系Ⅴ型菌(1~3级),兼抗稻瘟病(中抗至高抗),米质优良(广东省标优质3级),产量与主栽品种相当(与区试对照品种比较)系列水稻新品种白香占、白粳占和白丝占,这些抗病新品种在粤西沿海白叶枯病强毒系Ⅴ型菌重发区推广种植,突显出利用品种抗性防控白叶枯病的优势和广泛的应用前景。In recent years,the strong virulence pathotypeⅤof rice bacterial blight grew up quickly in Southern China,which has become a major population and spread to the rice regions of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in Southern China.Since pathotypeⅤcaused serious bacterial blight disease in rice production regions,it is urgent to breed and promote resistant varieties against pathotypeⅤ.The most economic and effective measure to control rice bacterial blight is to breed resistant cultivars for widely planting by using resistance genes.The Institute of Plant Protection,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and Agricultural Science Research Institute of Panyu District of Guangzhou used IRBB5 carrying the recessive xa5 gene from IRRI that resists pathotypeⅤto breed resistant varieties with rice blast resistance source,hybridization,multiple cross,pedigree selection and synchronous resistance evaluation.We successfully bred serials of new rice resistance varieties such as Baixiangzhan,Baigengzhan and Baisizhan,which showed resistance to bacterial blight strong virulence pathotypeⅤ(scales 1-3),resistance to rice blast(mediate to high resistance),good grain quality(scale 3 of rice quality of Guangdong),and equivalent production with major cultivars(compared with region trial control cultivars of Guangdong).These new resistant varieties were promoted and planted in the strong virulence pathotypeⅤregion along the west coast of Guangdong,which showed favorable superiority and wide application prospect in controlling rice bacterial blight with resistance varieties.

关 键 词：水稻 xa5基因 白叶枯病Ⅴ型菌 抗病育种 

分 类 号：S432.42[农业科学—植物病理学]