聚苯乙烯微塑料暴露对稀有鮈鲫仔鱼生长的影响  

Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics Exposure on the Growth of Gobiocypris rarus Larvae

作　　者：侯淼淼 王春伶 徐椿森 邱宁 夏治俊 苏良霞 王剑伟[2] HOU Miaomiao;WANG Chunling;XU Chunsen;QIU Ning;XIA Zhijun;SU Liangxia;WANG Jianwei(Dalian Ocean University,Dalian,Liaoning Province 116023,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《四川动物》2020年第2期140-147,共8页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(31802023)。

摘　　要：微塑料已经成为一种新型的污染物,关于微塑料本身所造成毒性效应的研究较少。本研究以稀有鮈鲫Gobiocypris rarus初孵仔鱼为受试对象,研究了不同粒径(0.1μm、1μm、10μm)、不同浓度(0.055μg·L^-1、0.55μg·L^-1、5.5μg·L^-1、55μg·L^-1、550μg·L^-1)的聚苯乙烯(PS)微塑料对稀有鮈鲫仔鱼存活、生长的影响以及微塑料在仔鱼体内的累积和清除情况。暴露7 d后,各暴露组仔鱼的存活率和全长与空白对照组间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);各暴露组仔鱼的鳃、消化道内均发现荧光微塑料,荧光强度随微塑料浓度增高而增强;经过7 d净化后,仔鱼体内PS微塑料均显著减少(P<0.05)。本研究表明,环境浓度水平的PS微塑料虽可在稀有鮈鲫体内积累,但清除速度也较快,在个体可观察水平上未见明显的毒性效应。In recent years,the worldwide presence of microplastics has become a new type of contaminant However,the direct biological toxicity of microplastics still remains unclear.In this study,the effects of 3 sizes(0.1 μm,1 μm,and 10μm)of polystyrene(PS)microplastics at different concentrations(0.055μg·L^-1、0.55μg·L^-1、5.5μg·L^-1、55μg·L^-1、550μg·L^-1)on the survival and growth of rare minnow(Gobiocypris rarus)larvae were studied.Accumulation and removal of PS microplastics in the body were also detected.After exposing the larvae to PS microplastics for 7 days,no significant differences on the survival and total length of G.rarus were found between the treatment and control groups(P>0.05).Fluorescent plastic particles were observed in gill and digestive tract in the exposed larvae.The fluorescence intensity enhanced in the exposed larvae with the increase of PS microplastics concentration.Plastic particles were significantly reduced from exposed larvae after they were reared in the water with no microplastics(P<0.05).It is suggested that although PS microplastics can be accumulated in the body,the removal rate was fast,and the environment-relevant concentrations of PS microplastics have no observed toxic effect on G.rarus larvae.

关 键 词：微塑料 聚苯乙烯 稀有鮈鲫 仔鱼 亚慢性毒性试验 

分 类 号：Q959.4[生物学—动物学] R994.6[医药卫生—毒理学]